Mulheres, mães e universitárias: uma pesquisa sobre as políticas de permanência para estudantes que se tornam mães nas universidades públicas paulistas
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Data
2023-07-03
Autores
Joaquim, Ananda Raquel de Souza [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa começa no final de 2020, ano marcado pela pandemia, quando o mundo precisou reorganizar o modo de ver e viver a vida, e as pessoas foram obrigadas a se reajustar frente às novas demandas, e a confinação foi uma das alternativas adotadas para conter o avanço da doença COVID-19. O teletrabalho, as atividades (as)síncronas, assim como o trabalho do cuidado: com crianças, com idosos, com pessoas com deficiência e com a casa, colocaram em destaque tudo aquilo que era tido como “invisível” ou não essencial. Entre esses trabalhos, destacamos aqui a maternidade. Outro fenômeno recente é a expansão da educação superior, que resultou em uma democratização do ensino. A inserção de novas pessoas na educação superior escancara as contradições que a política de expansão estabeleceu para se concretizar. O Censo da Educação Superior, divulgado pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) e pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC) de 2020, apontou que a maioria das matrículas e conclusões no ensino superior são de mulheres. Embora maioria no meio acadêmico, as instituições não foram pensadas para atender demandas específicas para as mulheres. Surgem nossos problemas de pesquisa: Há políticas institucionais de permanência elaboradas e/ou incorporadas para mães nas universidades públicas paulistas? Caso existam, elas atendem às suas necessidades? Quais caminhos possíveis para contemplar as demandas das discentes mães? O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar e analisar as políticas institucionais estudantis para alunas que são mães nas três universidades públicas USP, Unicamp e UNESP. Como método de análise, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2009). Um formulário foi disponibilizado para as discentes das três universidades, e os resultados sugerem que as políticas de permanência, como auxílio maternidade, possam adquirir um aspecto permanente. Ainda, as participantes sugerem a criação de creches; auxílios específicos; aumento de prazos; maior flexibilização dos cursos; capacitação de professores e funcionários; melhora na divulgação de informações e regulamentos; ampliação da licença maternidade; disponibilização de suporte saúde e outros (incentivo à pesquisa etc.)
This research begins in late 2020, a year marked by the pandemic, when the world needed to reorganize the way of seeing and living life, and people were forced to readjust to the new demands and confinement was one of the alternatives adopted to contain the advance of the disease COVID-19. Telework, synchronous (as)activities, as well as care work: with children, with the elderly, with people with disabilities, and with the home, have highlighted everything that was considered "invisible" or non- essential. Among these works, we highlight here motherhood. According to the research, "the pity of motherhood in academia is a global issue, but recognition of the problem by the academic community is very recent." Another recent phenomenon is the expansion of higher education, which has resulted in a democratization of education. The insertion of new people in higher education sheds light on the contradictions that the expansion policy has established in order to materialize. The 2020 Census of Higher Education, released by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP) and the Ministry of Education (MEC), pointed out that the majority of enrollments and graduations in higher education are women. Although a majority in academia, institutions were not designed to meet specific demands for women. Our research problem arises: Are there institutional permanence policies designed and/or incorporated for mothers in public universities in São Paulo? If so, do they meet their needs? What are the possible ways to contemplate the demands of mothers? This study aimed to identify and analyze the institutional policies for students who are mothers in the three public universities USP, Unicamp and UNESP. As an analysis method, we used the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2009). A form was made available for students from the three universities, and the results suggest that permanence policies, such as maternity aid, can acquire a permanent aspect. Also, the participants suggest the creation of day care centers; specific aids; improvement in deadlines; greater flexibility of courses; training of teachers and employees; improvement in the dissemination of information and regulations; extension of maternity leave; availability of health support and others (incentive to research etc.).
This research begins in late 2020, a year marked by the pandemic, when the world needed to reorganize the way of seeing and living life, and people were forced to readjust to the new demands and confinement was one of the alternatives adopted to contain the advance of the disease COVID-19. Telework, synchronous (as)activities, as well as care work: with children, with the elderly, with people with disabilities, and with the home, have highlighted everything that was considered "invisible" or non- essential. Among these works, we highlight here motherhood. According to the research, "the pity of motherhood in academia is a global issue, but recognition of the problem by the academic community is very recent." Another recent phenomenon is the expansion of higher education, which has resulted in a democratization of education. The insertion of new people in higher education sheds light on the contradictions that the expansion policy has established in order to materialize. The 2020 Census of Higher Education, released by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP) and the Ministry of Education (MEC), pointed out that the majority of enrollments and graduations in higher education are women. Although a majority in academia, institutions were not designed to meet specific demands for women. Our research problem arises: Are there institutional permanence policies designed and/or incorporated for mothers in public universities in São Paulo? If so, do they meet their needs? What are the possible ways to contemplate the demands of mothers? This study aimed to identify and analyze the institutional policies for students who are mothers in the three public universities USP, Unicamp and UNESP. As an analysis method, we used the content analysis proposed by Bardin (2009). A form was made available for students from the three universities, and the results suggest that permanence policies, such as maternity aid, can acquire a permanent aspect. Also, the participants suggest the creation of day care centers; specific aids; improvement in deadlines; greater flexibility of courses; training of teachers and employees; improvement in the dissemination of information and regulations; extension of maternity leave; availability of health support and others (incentive to research etc.).
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Palavras-chave
Mães universitárias, Políticas de permanência estudantil, Universidades públicas paulistas, Undergraduates mothers, Student stay policies, Public universities in São Paulo