Adubação orgânica na produção e acúmulo de nutrientes em plantas de jambu
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Data
2021-06-10
Autores
Nordi, Nicholas Taborda [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O jambu é uma planta herbácea, e se uso popular como planta medicinal desperta o interesse de empresas, produtores e pesquisadores, que buscam validar cientificamente suas várias aplicações. A produção para comercialização normalmente é realizada em propriedades onde a agricultura é familiar, cujos produtores enfrentam diversos problemas técnicos que tornam a produção ineficiente, ocasionando baixas produtividades, com baixa padronização do produto final. Nos últimos anos, a prática da adubação orgânica no cultivo de hortaliças tem aumentado, porém, a substituição dos adubos inorgânicos pelos orgânicos pode levar à queda significativa de produção, ainda mais se as fontes utilizadas não forem as mais adequadas para a espécie. O conhecimento da quantidade de nutrientes que as plantas acumulam, principalmente na parte colhida, é importante para se avaliar a remoção destes, necessário para as recomendações econômicas de adubação. Com isso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar diferentes fontes de adubação orgânica em cobertura na produtividade, massa da matéria seca, e acúmulo de macronutrientes em plantas de jambu. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel, SP, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA) - UNESP e no sítio Zodíaco, situado no bairro Demétria, município de Botucatu, SP. Foram avaliados seis tratamentos, adubos em cobertura, sendo eles, ferticel®, provaso®, torta de mamona, bokashi, farinha de casco e chifre e uma testemunha sem cobertura, em cinco repetições, utilizando delineamento em blocos casualizados. Foram avaliadas a massa da matéria fresca da parte vegetativa (MFPV), das inflorescências (MFINF) e total (MFT), número de inflorescências (NINF), massa média por inflorescência, massa da matéria seca e acúmulo de macronutrientes nas inflorescências, parte vegetativa e parte aérea (inflorescências + parte vegetativa). Na parte aérea, a ordem decrescente do acúmulo dos nutrientes no sítio Zodíaco (g m-2 ) foi: K (54,37) > N (27,2) > Ca (7,4) > Mg (5,9) > P (4,8) > S (4,6), enquanto na Fazenda São Manuel foi K (23,25) > N (11,4) > Ca (5,3) > P (3,5) > Mg (2,3) > S (1,7). Os resultados sugerem para as variáveis correspondentes a MFPV, MFINF, NINF, MFT e acúmulo de massa da matéria seca que a farinha de casco e chifre e a torta de mamona foram os adubos mais eficientes em ambos os cortes e localidades, evidenciando sua rápida liberação de nutrientes, sua importância como uma fonte alternativa de adubação, possibilitando o maior desenvolvimento vegetal em culturas de ciclo curto como o jambu.
Belonging to the Asteraceae family, and to the genus Acmella, the jambu is an herbaceous plant. The popular use of jambu as a medicinal plant arouses the interest of companies, producers and researchers, who seek to scientifically validate its various applications. Production for commercialization is usually carried out on properties where agriculture is family-owned, whose producers face several technical problems that make production inefficient, causing low productivity without any standardization of the final product. In recent years, the practice of organic fertilization in vegetable cultivation has increased, however, the substitution of inorganic fertilizers for organic ones can lead to a significant drop in production, even more if the sources used are not the most suitable for the crop and if the same is not handled correctly, a factor that, added to the new study initiatives, can help to increase productivity. The knowledge of the amount of nutrients that the plants accumulate, especially in the harvested part, is important to evaluate the removal of these, necessary for the economic recommendations of fertilization. With this, the objective of this research was to evaluate different sources of organic fertilizer in coverage in productivity, mass production of dry matter, and accumulation of macronutrients in jambu plants. The experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of São Manuel, SP, belonging to the School of Agriculture (FCA) - UNESP and on the Zodiac site, located in the Demétria neighborhood, municipality of Botucatu, SP. Six treatments were evaluated, covering fertilizers, namely ferticel®, provaso®, castor bean cake, bokashi, hull flour and horn and a witness without coverage, in five repetitions, using a randomized block design. The fresh mass of the vegetative part (MFPV), fresh mass of the inflorescences (MFINF), number of inflorescences (NINF), total fresh mass (MFT), average mass per inflorescence, dry matter mass and accumulation of macronutrients in the inflorescences were evaluated, vegetative part and aerial part (inflorescences + vegetative part). In the aerial part, the decreasing order of the accumulation of nutrients at the Zodiac site (g m-2 ) was: K (54.37) > N (27.2) > Ca (7.4) > Mg (5.9) > P (4.8) > S (4.6), while at Fazenda São Manuel it was K (23.25) > N (11.4) > Ca (5.3) > P (3.5) > Mg (2.3) > S (1.7). The results suggest for the variables corresponding to MFPV, MFINF, NINF, MFT and accumulation of dry matter mass that the hull and horn and castor cake were the most efficient fertilizers in both cuts and locations, showing their rapid release of nutrients, its importance as an alternative source of fertilization, enabling greater plant development in short cycle crops such as jambu.
Belonging to the Asteraceae family, and to the genus Acmella, the jambu is an herbaceous plant. The popular use of jambu as a medicinal plant arouses the interest of companies, producers and researchers, who seek to scientifically validate its various applications. Production for commercialization is usually carried out on properties where agriculture is family-owned, whose producers face several technical problems that make production inefficient, causing low productivity without any standardization of the final product. In recent years, the practice of organic fertilization in vegetable cultivation has increased, however, the substitution of inorganic fertilizers for organic ones can lead to a significant drop in production, even more if the sources used are not the most suitable for the crop and if the same is not handled correctly, a factor that, added to the new study initiatives, can help to increase productivity. The knowledge of the amount of nutrients that the plants accumulate, especially in the harvested part, is important to evaluate the removal of these, necessary for the economic recommendations of fertilization. With this, the objective of this research was to evaluate different sources of organic fertilizer in coverage in productivity, mass production of dry matter, and accumulation of macronutrients in jambu plants. The experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of São Manuel, SP, belonging to the School of Agriculture (FCA) - UNESP and on the Zodiac site, located in the Demétria neighborhood, municipality of Botucatu, SP. Six treatments were evaluated, covering fertilizers, namely ferticel®, provaso®, castor bean cake, bokashi, hull flour and horn and a witness without coverage, in five repetitions, using a randomized block design. The fresh mass of the vegetative part (MFPV), fresh mass of the inflorescences (MFINF), number of inflorescences (NINF), total fresh mass (MFT), average mass per inflorescence, dry matter mass and accumulation of macronutrients in the inflorescences were evaluated, vegetative part and aerial part (inflorescences + vegetative part). In the aerial part, the decreasing order of the accumulation of nutrients at the Zodiac site (g m-2 ) was: K (54.37) > N (27.2) > Ca (7.4) > Mg (5.9) > P (4.8) > S (4.6), while at Fazenda São Manuel it was K (23.25) > N (11.4) > Ca (5.3) > P (3.5) > Mg (2.3) > S (1.7). The results suggest for the variables corresponding to MFPV, MFINF, NINF, MFT and accumulation of dry matter mass that the hull and horn and castor cake were the most efficient fertilizers in both cuts and locations, showing their rapid release of nutrients, its importance as an alternative source of fertilization, enabling greater plant development in short cycle crops such as jambu.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Macronutrientes, Fontes de adubação, Casco e chifre, Torta de mamona, Macronutrients, Fertilization sources, Nitrogen, Hoof and horn, Castor bean pie