Interseccionalidade: a incorporação da abordagem de gênero nos documentos internacionais de direitos humanos endereçados às pessoas com deficiência
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2023-12-14
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Sabe-se que os Direitos Humanos começaram a ser construídos a partir do período pós-guerras mundiais, isto é, após o desfecho dos acontecimentos de 1945. Diante disso, o direito das pessoas com deficiência também passou a se estruturar a partir desse contexto. Entretanto, há uma necessidade de compreender especificamente como os direitos das mulheres com deficiência se desenvolveu nessa conjuntura, uma vez que as mesmas sofrem discriminações por meio do capacitismo e sexismo. Por isso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar se as declarações internacionais de direitos humanos endereçadas às pessoas com deficiência incorporam a abordagem de gênero, ou seja, possuem direitos endereçados às mulheres com deficiência. Para tanto, o texto recorre a análise de bibliografias concernentes a história das pessoas com deficiência, bem como as compreensões do modelo médico e social da deficiência, até a sua emancipação social. Além disso, este trabalho examina como se deu o processo de positivação dos direitos das pessoas com deficiência no período pós-guerras mundiais, principalmente, através de documentos internacionais promulgados pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho e Organização das Nações Unidas. Depois disso, o trabalho buscou ressaltar como a interseccionalidade é uma ferramenta crítica eficaz para explicar a experiência de vida das mulheres com deficiência, já que as mesmas são impactadas simultaneamente pelo sexismo e pelo capacitismo. Para alcançar este objetivo, foi necessário analisar fontes secundárias que tratam sobre interseccionalidade e deficiência, além de fazer uma pesquisa documental por meio de declarações, convenções, resoluções e relatórios direcionados às pessoas com deficiência. Isso foi feito para verificar se a abordagem interseccional foi aderida nos documentos internacionais ao longo dos anos, à medida que os debates acerca da interseccionalidade foram fomentados. Verificou-se que, de fato, a abordagem de gênero foi incorporada por esses documentos internacionais, principalmente a partir da década de 2010. A partir desse resultado pode-se concluir que os documentos internacionais de direitos humanos direcionados às pessoas com deficiência possuem direitos para as mulheres com deficiência. Porém, nenhum destes documentos implicam efeitos jurídicos aos países membros dessas organizações, o que se configura um problema à positivação dos direitos das mulheres com deficiência.
It is known that Human Rights began to be constructed from the post-world war period, that is, after the outcome of the events of 1945. In view of this, the rights of people with disabilities have also begun to be structured in this context. However, there is a need to understand specifically how the rights of women with disabilities have developed at this juncture, since they suffer discrimination through ableism and sexism. Therefore, the present work aims to identify whether international declarations of human rights addressed to persons with disabilities incorporate the gender approach, that is, they have rights addressed to women with disabilities. To this end, the text resorts to the analysis of bibliographies concerning the history of people with disabilities, as well as the understandings of the medical and social model of disability, until their social emancipation. In addition, this paper examines how the process of affirmation of the rights of persons with disabilities took place in the post-world war period, mainly through international documents promulgated by the International Labor Organization and the United Nations. After that, the work sought to highlight how intersectionality is an effective critical tool to explain the life experience of women with disabilities, as they are simultaneously impacted by sexism and ableism. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to analyze secondary sources that deal with intersectionality and disability, in addition to conducting documentary research through declarations, conventions, resolutions, and reports directed to people with disabilities. This was done to verify that the intersectional approach has been embraced in international documents over the years, as debates about intersectionality have been fostered. It was found that, in fact, the gender approach was incorporated by these international documents, especially from the 2010s onwards. From this result, it can be concluded that international human rights documents aimed at persons with disabilities have rights for women with disabilities. However, none of these documents imply legal effects on the member countries of these organizations, which is a problem for the affirmation of the rights of women with disabilities.
It is known that Human Rights began to be constructed from the post-world war period, that is, after the outcome of the events of 1945. In view of this, the rights of people with disabilities have also begun to be structured in this context. However, there is a need to understand specifically how the rights of women with disabilities have developed at this juncture, since they suffer discrimination through ableism and sexism. Therefore, the present work aims to identify whether international declarations of human rights addressed to persons with disabilities incorporate the gender approach, that is, they have rights addressed to women with disabilities. To this end, the text resorts to the analysis of bibliographies concerning the history of people with disabilities, as well as the understandings of the medical and social model of disability, until their social emancipation. In addition, this paper examines how the process of affirmation of the rights of persons with disabilities took place in the post-world war period, mainly through international documents promulgated by the International Labor Organization and the United Nations. After that, the work sought to highlight how intersectionality is an effective critical tool to explain the life experience of women with disabilities, as they are simultaneously impacted by sexism and ableism. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to analyze secondary sources that deal with intersectionality and disability, in addition to conducting documentary research through declarations, conventions, resolutions, and reports directed to people with disabilities. This was done to verify that the intersectional approach has been embraced in international documents over the years, as debates about intersectionality have been fostered. It was found that, in fact, the gender approach was incorporated by these international documents, especially from the 2010s onwards. From this result, it can be concluded that international human rights documents aimed at persons with disabilities have rights for women with disabilities. However, none of these documents imply legal effects on the member countries of these organizations, which is a problem for the affirmation of the rights of women with disabilities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Deficiência, Mulheres, Direitos humanos, Interseccionalidade, Disability, Women, Human rights, Intersectionality
Como citar
BISCAINO, Maria Eduarda Gomes. Interseccionalidade: a incorporação da abordagem de gênero nos documentos internacionais de direitos humanos endereçados às pessoas com deficiência. 2024. 60 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Relações Internacionais) - Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Marília, 2023.