Antibody mediated osseous regeneration: A new strategy for bioengineering

Abstract

This chapter provides a brief review of bone biology and metabolism, focusing on the regenerative potential of bone tissues. In this context, we discussed the main clinical approaches to enhance bone regeneration, concentrating on an innovative approach referred to as antibody-mediated osseous regeneration (AMOR). Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are some of the most relevant osteoinductive factors in the demineralized bone matrix. The main role of BMPs is the recruitment and differentiation of mesenchymal cells into an osteogenic lineage, resulting in new bone formation. As an alternative for the BMP-2 exogenous administration of an osteoinductive growth factor, the use of immobilized anti-BMP-2 antibodies in matrices has been proposed to capture the endogenous protein. The captured endogenous BMP-2 would be able to induce osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor stem cells and improve the bone formation. In general, the association of anti-BMP-2 mAb with a scaffold has demonstrated success in new bone formation in different in vivo models with no evidence of adverse reactions.