Ácido giberélico e thidiazuron na qualidade de cachos de videiras BRS Vitória e Niagara Rosada produzidas em condições de clima subtropical
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Data
2022-09-02
Autores
Macedo, Bruno Marcos de Paula [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A viticultura paulista aparece em posição de destaque no cenário nacional, representando 9% da produção brasileira, sendo a maior parte do cultivo destinado à produção de uvas para mesa e em sua grande maioria cultivada como agricultura familiar, em pequenas propriedades com cerca de 5 a 8 hectares. São Paulo é o estado que tem tradição no cultivo da uva ‘Niagara Rosada’, principalmente, nas regiões agrícolas de Itapetininga, Campinas, Jales e Sorocaba. A ‘Niagara Rosada’ é considerada uva para mesa rústica por uma menor exigência por tratos culturas e uma maior tolerância por doenças fúngicas. As cultivares de uva sem semente tradicionais, presentes no mercado brasileiro como ‘Thompson Seedless’, apresentam produção irregular devido à baixa fertilidade de gemas e diversos outros problemas de cultivo no país, dessa forma, em consequência do crescimento da demanda por uvas apirênicas, a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), por meio do seu programa de melhoramento genético da uva, vem desenvolvendo novas cultivares de uvas, adaptadas às diferentes regiões brasileiras, como a BRS Vitória. Diante deste cenário, este estudo avalia o efeito de aplicações thidiazuron e ácido giberélico nas características físico-químicas dos cachos e bagas de uvas das cultivares Niagara Rosada e BRS Vitoria cultivadas em clima subtropical. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental de Ensino, Pesquisa e Produção de São Manuel (SP), nos ciclos de produção 2020/2021 e 2021/2022. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em esquema fatorial 2x5, correspondendo a 5 doses de GA3 (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg L-1), associados ou não a 2 mg L-1 de Thidiazuron (TDZ) aplicados na fase ervilha. Assim, totalizaram-se 10 tratamentos com 5 repetições e 3 cachos por parcela, correspondendo a 150 cachos. Os cachos selecionados foram identificados no momento da aplicação. Foram analisadas massas frescas de cacho e engaço; comprimento e largura de cachos e engaços; número de bagas por cacho; massa fresca, comprimento e largura de bagas; teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e relação SS/AT; pH, teores de antocianinas monoméricas totais, polifenóis totais, flavonoides e atividade antioxidante (DPPH e FRAP). Durante a avaliação da parte física foi constatado que a utilização de TDZ, associado ao GA3 na fase ervilha, promoveu melhor qualidade do cacho com bagas maiores. Quanto maior a dose aplicada de GA3 ou TDZ na fase ervilha, menor a produção de compostos bioativos nos cachos da cv. BRS Vitória. Quanto maior a dose aplicada de GA3 ou TDZ na fase ervilha, menor a produção de compostos bioativos nos cachos da cv. Niagara Rosada.
Viticulture in São Paulo appears in a prominent position on the national scene, representing 9% of the Brazilian production, most of the cultivation being for the production of table grapes and in its great majority cultivated as family farming, in small properties of about 5 to 8 hectares. São Paulo is the state with the tradition of growing 'Niagara Rosada' grapes, mainly in the agricultural regions of Itapetininga, Campinas, Jales and Sorocaba. The 'Niagara Rosada' is considered a rustic table grape for its lesser demand for cultivation and greater tolerance to fungal diseases. The traditional seedless grape cultivars, present in the Brazilian market as 'Thompson Seedless', present irregular production due to low bud fertility and several other cultivation problems in the country. Thus, as a consequence of the growing demand for apirenic grapes, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), through its grape genetic improvement program, has been developing new grape cultivars, adapted to different Brazilian regions, such as the BRS Vitória. In this scenario, this study evaluated the effect of thidiazuron and gibberellic acid applications on the physical-chemical characteristics of bunches and berries of grapes of the cultivars Niagara Rosada and BRS Vitoria grown in subtropical climate. The experiment was conducted at Experimental farm for teaching, research and production of São Manuel (SP), in the production cycles 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. The experiments were conducted in 2x5 factorial scheme, corresponding to 5 GA3 doses (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg L-1 ), associated or not with 2 mg L-1 of Thidiazuron (TDZ) applied in the pea phase. Thus, there were a total of 10 treatments with 5 repetitions and 3 bunches per plot, corresponding to 150 bunches. The selected bunches were identified at the time of application. Fresh mass of bunch and stem; length and width of bunches and stalks; number of berries per bunch; fresh mass, length and width of berries; contents of soluble solids, titratable acidity and SS/AT ratio; pH, total monomeric anthocyanins, total polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP) were analyzed. During the evaluation of the physical part, it was found that the use of TDZ, associated with GA3 in the pea phase, promoted better bunch quality with larger berries. The higher the dose of GA3 or TDZ applied in the pea phase, the lower the production of bioactive compounds in the bunches of BRS Vitória. The higher the dose of GA3 or TDZ applied in the pea phase, the lower the production of bioactive compounds in the bunches of the variety Niagara Rosada.
Viticulture in São Paulo appears in a prominent position on the national scene, representing 9% of the Brazilian production, most of the cultivation being for the production of table grapes and in its great majority cultivated as family farming, in small properties of about 5 to 8 hectares. São Paulo is the state with the tradition of growing 'Niagara Rosada' grapes, mainly in the agricultural regions of Itapetininga, Campinas, Jales and Sorocaba. The 'Niagara Rosada' is considered a rustic table grape for its lesser demand for cultivation and greater tolerance to fungal diseases. The traditional seedless grape cultivars, present in the Brazilian market as 'Thompson Seedless', present irregular production due to low bud fertility and several other cultivation problems in the country. Thus, as a consequence of the growing demand for apirenic grapes, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), through its grape genetic improvement program, has been developing new grape cultivars, adapted to different Brazilian regions, such as the BRS Vitória. In this scenario, this study evaluated the effect of thidiazuron and gibberellic acid applications on the physical-chemical characteristics of bunches and berries of grapes of the cultivars Niagara Rosada and BRS Vitoria grown in subtropical climate. The experiment was conducted at Experimental farm for teaching, research and production of São Manuel (SP), in the production cycles 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. The experiments were conducted in 2x5 factorial scheme, corresponding to 5 GA3 doses (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg L-1 ), associated or not with 2 mg L-1 of Thidiazuron (TDZ) applied in the pea phase. Thus, there were a total of 10 treatments with 5 repetitions and 3 bunches per plot, corresponding to 150 bunches. The selected bunches were identified at the time of application. Fresh mass of bunch and stem; length and width of bunches and stalks; number of berries per bunch; fresh mass, length and width of berries; contents of soluble solids, titratable acidity and SS/AT ratio; pH, total monomeric anthocyanins, total polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP) were analyzed. During the evaluation of the physical part, it was found that the use of TDZ, associated with GA3 in the pea phase, promoted better bunch quality with larger berries. The higher the dose of GA3 or TDZ applied in the pea phase, the lower the production of bioactive compounds in the bunches of BRS Vitória. The higher the dose of GA3 or TDZ applied in the pea phase, the lower the production of bioactive compounds in the bunches of the variety Niagara Rosada.
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Palavras-chave
Reguladores vegetais, Características do cacho, Qualidade química da baga, Compostos fenólicos, Plant growth, Cluster characteristics, Berry chemical quality, Phenolic compounds