Anatomia óssea do membro torácico nos megaherbívoros ungulados rinoceronte-branco (Ceratotherium simum, Burchell, 1817) e hipopótamo- comum (Hippopotamus amphibius, Linnaeus, 1768)
Data
2022-12-12
Autores
Gallina, Pedro Leonardo Sangaleti
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Embora os megaherbívoros não sejam animais da fauna brasileira, eles podem ser encontrados em zoológicos nacionais, o que torna importante o conhecimento da anatomia do aparelho locomotor para contribuir com o cotidiano clínico dos zoológicos e centros de reabilitação veterinária. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as estruturas anatômicas encontradas nos ossos que aparecem nos membros torácicos de hipopótamo-comum (Hippopotamus amphibius) e rinoceronte-branco (Ceratotherium simum) e compará-las com as estruturas ósseas descritas para outros ungulados. Além disso, mensurações da escápula, úmero, rádio e ulna também foram obtidas. A escápula apresentou um aspecto triangular no hipopótamo-comum, ao passo que no rinoceronte-branco possuía um aspecto retangular. O acrômio foi observado apenas na escápula do hipopótamo-comum. Os úmeros dos dois animais não possuíam o tubérculo intermédio, apenas os tubérculos maior e menor, diferentemente do equino que possui também o tubérculo intermédio. Os dois megamamíferos estudados apresentaram ulna não-incorporada ao rádio e 7 ossos carpais distribuídos em duas fileiras ósseas. O hipopótamo- comum possuía 4 dígitos e 4 ossos metacarpais, enquanto o rinoceronte- branco, possuía 3 dígitos, por isso 3 ossos metacarpais. Embora com algumas diferenças próprias das espécies, a estrutura óssea encontrada nos megaherbívoros estudados, foi semelhante à descrita para outros ungulados domésticos e selvagens. O fato dos ossos estudados pertencerem a esqueletos articulados pertencentes ao acervo de Museu de Anatomia, dificultou a identificação de algumas estruturas anatômicas. Este trabalho pode auxiliar médicos veterinários nos cuidados de saúde óssea, bem-estar animal e conforto de tais espécies presentes nos parque e zoológicos brasileiros.
Although megaherbivores do not belong to the Brazilian fauna, they can be found in national zoos, which makes it important to know the anatomy of th e locomotor apparatus to contribute to the clinical routine of zoos and veterinary rehabilitation centers. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the anatomical structures found in the bones that appear in the forelimbs of the common hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius) and white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and to compare them with the bone structures described for other ungulates. In addition, measurements of the scapula, humerus, radius and uln a were also obtained. The scapula had a triangular appearance in the common hippo, whereas in the white rhinoceros it had a rectangular appearance. The acromion was observed only on the scapula of the common hippo. The humerus of the two animals did not have the intermediate tubercle, only the greater and lesser tubercles, unlike the horse which also has the intermediate tubercle. The two megamammals studied had an ulna not incorporated to the radius and 7 carpal bones distributed in two bone rows. The common hippopotamus had 4 digits and 4 metacarpal bones, while the white rhino had 3 digits, hence 3 metacarpal bones. Although with some species-specific differences, the bone structure found in the studied megaherbivores was similar to that described for others domestic and wild ungulates. The fact that the bones studied belong to articulated skeletons belonging to the collection of the Museum of Anatomy made it difficult to identify some anatomical structures. This work can help veterinarians in bone health care, animal welfare and comfort of such species present in Brazilian zoological parks.
Although megaherbivores do not belong to the Brazilian fauna, they can be found in national zoos, which makes it important to know the anatomy of th e locomotor apparatus to contribute to the clinical routine of zoos and veterinary rehabilitation centers. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the anatomical structures found in the bones that appear in the forelimbs of the common hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius) and white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and to compare them with the bone structures described for other ungulates. In addition, measurements of the scapula, humerus, radius and uln a were also obtained. The scapula had a triangular appearance in the common hippo, whereas in the white rhinoceros it had a rectangular appearance. The acromion was observed only on the scapula of the common hippo. The humerus of the two animals did not have the intermediate tubercle, only the greater and lesser tubercles, unlike the horse which also has the intermediate tubercle. The two megamammals studied had an ulna not incorporated to the radius and 7 carpal bones distributed in two bone rows. The common hippopotamus had 4 digits and 4 metacarpal bones, while the white rhino had 3 digits, hence 3 metacarpal bones. Although with some species-specific differences, the bone structure found in the studied megaherbivores was similar to that described for others domestic and wild ungulates. The fact that the bones studied belong to articulated skeletons belonging to the collection of the Museum of Anatomy made it difficult to identify some anatomical structures. This work can help veterinarians in bone health care, animal welfare and comfort of such species present in Brazilian zoological parks.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Anatomia comparada, Hipopótamo comum, Membro torácico, Osteologia, Rinoceronte branco, Artiodáctilos, Ossos, Extremidade superior