Cardiorespiratory, endocrine and metabolic changes in ponies undergoing intravenous or inhalation anaesthesia
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1996-08-21
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Six Welsh gelding ponies (weight 246 ± 6 kg) were premedicated with 0.03 mg/kg of acepromazine intravenously (i.v.) followed by 0.02 mg/kg of detomidine i.v. Anaesthesia was induced with 2 mg/kg of ketamine i.v. Ponies were intubated and lay in left lateral recumbency. On one occasion anaesthesia was maintained for 2 h using 1.2% halothane in oxygen. The same group of ponies were anaesthetized 1 month later using the same induction regime and anaesthesia was maintained with a combination of detomidine, ketamine and guaiphenesin, while the ponies breathed oxygen-enriched air. Electrocardiogram, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, respiratory rate, blood gases, temperature, haematocrit, glucose, lactate and cortisol were measured and cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance were calculated in both groups. Beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, dynorphin, arginine vasopressin (AVP), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and catecholamines were measured in the halothane anaesthesia group only and 11-deoxycortisol during total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) only. Cardiorespiratory depression was more marked during halothane anaesthesia. Hyperglycaemia developed in both groups. Lactate and AVP increased during halothane anaesthesia. Cortisol increased during halothane and decreased during TIVA. There were no changes in the other hormones during anaesthesia. Recovery was smooth in both groups. TIVA produced better cardiorespiratory performance and suppressed the endocrine stress response observed during halothane anaesthesia.
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acepromazine , argipressin , beta endorphin , catecholamine , corticotropin , cortodoxone , detomidine , dynorphin , glucose , guaifenesin , halothane , hydrocortisone , inhalation anesthetic agent , intravenous anesthetic agent , ketamine , lactic acid , metenkephalin , anesthetic recovery , animal experiment , blood gas , body temperature , breathing rate , cardiovascular system , controlled study , electrocardiogram , endocrine system , heart index , heart output , heart rate , hematocrit , horse , inhalation anesthesia , inhalational drug administration , intravenous anesthesia , intravenous drug administration , male , mean arterial pressure , metabolism , nonhuman , priority journal , respiratory function , stress , vascular resistance , veterinary medicine , Acepromazine , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone , Analgesics , Analysis of Variance , Anesthesia, Inhalation , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Anesthetics, Dissociative , Animals , Arginine Vasopressin , Blood Gas Analysis , Blood Glucose , Blood Pressure , Body Temperature , Cardiac Output , Catecholamines , Dopamine Antagonists , Electrocardiography , Endorphins , Halothane , Heart Rate , Hematocrit , Horses , Hydrocortisone , Imidazoles , Ketamine , Lactic Acid
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Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, v. 19, n. 4, p. 251-258, 1996.