Ceticismo democrático cultural e a ausência de efetividade participativa
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Data
2023-05-30
Autores
Souza, Otavio Augusto de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa pretende uma incursão no sistema democrático brasileiro, tendo como base sua previsão normativa, de forma a analisar se a cultura pátria, em seu lapso temporal posterior a Constituição Federal de 1988, que garantiu à sociedade este direito humano de primeira dimensão como preceito fundamental, bem como se o povo, como titular de referida garantia, têm exercido realmente o que se espera em um contexto cívico participativo com fulcro a evolução da atuação coletiva, e por consequência a reiterada construção e aprimoramento para sempre ter a busca do perfectismo democrático. Inicialmente, a pesquisa faz uma breve incursão histórica no contexto democrático, razão que se justifica pelo fato de que algumas posturas podem ter ocasionado uma percepção social negativa relativa ao Estado e suas Instituições, criando resistência e rupturas sociais na qualidade da democracia. O Estudo, antes de adentrar no contexto do ceticismo social relativo a democracia apresenta estatísticas que, de igual forma proporcionam a compreensão do atual sistema democrático, principalmente relativo a fatores como escolaridade, renda, dentre outros, que mostram um panorama que fizeram com que as eleições presidenciáveis do ano de 2022 tivessem um dos maiores índices de abstenção de votos da recente história do sistema democrático previsto pela Constituição do ano de 1988. Nessa linha de pensar o estudo deve analisar o sistema da participação popular na Administração Pública, que tem como regramento máximo a previsão contida no artigo 204, II, da Constituição Federal, a qual prevê como diretriz básica a formação de políticas públicas na participação popular, garantindo, acima de tudo, a eficácia democrática nos interesses da sociedade. Em análise inicial acerca do tema, ainda que de forma inicial, foi possível a visão da matéria no sentido da existência de várias espécies normativas, que têm o condão de complementar a regra constitucional supracitada. Entretanto, nos parece que a efetividade legislativa se encontra longe de ser alcançada, seja pelo desinteresse da sociedade na participação, e acima de tudo, pela ausência de informações que possibilitem a participação, ou ainda, falta de preparo no campo de conhecimentos para atuar nas hipóteses que permitam a exteriorização do mecanismo democrático. Por consequência, notório se configura que o aspecto formal é cumprido, ou seja, existem mecanismos que permitem a participação popular nas escolhas do Estado, por outro lado, a finalidade precípua fica prejudicada na medida em que, aqueles que deveriam atuar de forma ativa, tornam-se, na verdade, instrumentos conduzidos por vontades dominantes alheias. Em decorrência da ausência de efetividade na participação popular, o presente estudo pretende trazer a discussão as causas do ceticismo democrático, oriundo muita das vezes de extrema desconfiança na Instituições Públicas, assim sendo, a presente pesquisa trará uma incursão em aspectos tais como, a acracia, a abulia e a apatia, como fenômenos que afastam o interesse social da participação das decisões públicas. Diante do cenário de descredibilidade, a pesquisa intenta analisar, os impactos sociais que a ausência de participação popular democrática pode acarretar.
The present research aims at an incursion into the Brazilian democratic system, based on its normative forecast, in order to analyze whether the homeland's culture, in its temporal lapse after the Federal Constitution of 1988, which guaranteed society this human right of the first dimension as a fundamental precept, as well as whether the people, as the holder of said guarantee, have really exercised what is expected in a participatory civic context with a focus on the evolution of collective action, and consequently the reiterated construction and improvement to always have the search for democratic perfectism. Initially, the research makes a brief historical incursion into the democratic context, which is justified by the fact that some postures may have caused a negative social perception regarding the State and its Institutions, creating resistance and social ruptures in the quality of democracy. The Study, before entering the context of social skepticism regarding democracy, presents statistics that, likewise, provide an understanding of the current democratic system, mainly related to factors such as education, income, among others, which show a panorama that made the presidential elections of the year 2022 have one of the highest rates of abstention from votes in the recent history of the democratic system provided for by the Constitution of 1988. 204, II, of the Federal Constitution, which provides as a basic guideline the formation of public policies in popular participation, guaranteeing, above all, democratic effectiveness in the interests of society. In an initial analysis on the subject, albeit initially, it was possible to view the matter in the sense of the existence of several normative species, which have the power to complement the aforementioned constitutional rule.However, it seems to us that legislative effectiveness is far from being achieved, either because of society's lack of interest in participation, and above all, because of the lack of information that makes participation possible, or even, lack of preparation in the field of knowledge to act on hypotheses that allow the externalization of the democratic mechanism. Consequently, it is notorious that the formal aspect is fulfilled, that is, there are mechanisms that allow popular participation in the State's choices, on the other hand, the main purpose is impaired insofar as those who should act actively become, in fact, instruments driven by other people's dominant wills. Due to the lack of effectiveness in popular participation, the present study intends to discuss the causes of democratic skepticism, often arising from extreme distrust in Public Institutions, therefore, the present research will bring an incursion into aspects such as acracy, abulia and apathy, as phenomena that distance the social interest from the participation in public decisions. Faced with the scenario of discredit, the research tries to analyze the social impacts that the absence of democratic popular participation can entail.
The present research aims at an incursion into the Brazilian democratic system, based on its normative forecast, in order to analyze whether the homeland's culture, in its temporal lapse after the Federal Constitution of 1988, which guaranteed society this human right of the first dimension as a fundamental precept, as well as whether the people, as the holder of said guarantee, have really exercised what is expected in a participatory civic context with a focus on the evolution of collective action, and consequently the reiterated construction and improvement to always have the search for democratic perfectism. Initially, the research makes a brief historical incursion into the democratic context, which is justified by the fact that some postures may have caused a negative social perception regarding the State and its Institutions, creating resistance and social ruptures in the quality of democracy. The Study, before entering the context of social skepticism regarding democracy, presents statistics that, likewise, provide an understanding of the current democratic system, mainly related to factors such as education, income, among others, which show a panorama that made the presidential elections of the year 2022 have one of the highest rates of abstention from votes in the recent history of the democratic system provided for by the Constitution of 1988. 204, II, of the Federal Constitution, which provides as a basic guideline the formation of public policies in popular participation, guaranteeing, above all, democratic effectiveness in the interests of society. In an initial analysis on the subject, albeit initially, it was possible to view the matter in the sense of the existence of several normative species, which have the power to complement the aforementioned constitutional rule.However, it seems to us that legislative effectiveness is far from being achieved, either because of society's lack of interest in participation, and above all, because of the lack of information that makes participation possible, or even, lack of preparation in the field of knowledge to act on hypotheses that allow the externalization of the democratic mechanism. Consequently, it is notorious that the formal aspect is fulfilled, that is, there are mechanisms that allow popular participation in the State's choices, on the other hand, the main purpose is impaired insofar as those who should act actively become, in fact, instruments driven by other people's dominant wills. Due to the lack of effectiveness in popular participation, the present study intends to discuss the causes of democratic skepticism, often arising from extreme distrust in Public Institutions, therefore, the present research will bring an incursion into aspects such as acracy, abulia and apathy, as phenomena that distance the social interest from the participation in public decisions. Faced with the scenario of discredit, the research tries to analyze the social impacts that the absence of democratic popular participation can entail.
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Palavras-chave
Ceticismo cultural, Políticas Públicas, Participação Popular, Mecanismos democráticos, Cultural Skepticism, Public Policies, Popular Participation, Democratic Mechanisms