Pesquisa de agentes infecciosos em onças-pardas (Puma concolor) de vida livre na bacia do rio Tietê, São Paulo, Brasil
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Data
2021-04-02
Autores
Franco, Paolla Nicole [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As constantes alterações ambientais ocasionadas por fatores antrópicos tem provocado mudanças na relação patógeno-hospedeiro. A emergência ou re-emergência de muitas doenças infecciosas e parasitárias associadas à degradação do habitat natural, podem causar sérios impactos na conservação de diversas espécies selvagens. A exposição desses animais à importantes agentes zoonóticos representa, ainda, uma ameaçada à Saúde Pública. A onça-parda (Puma concolor) vem sofrendo diversas ameaças nas últimas décadas e enfrenta intenso declínio populacional em diferentes regiões. Pouco se sabe a respeito do impacto da circulação dos patógenos nessa espécie. Diante deste cenário, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um inquérito sorológico para avaliar a circulação de quatro agentes infecciosos selecionados, em 27 onças-pardas de vida livre, oriundas de municípios situados próximos à bacia do Rio Tietê, no Estado de São Paulo. As análises incluíram a pesquisa de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., FIV e FeLV, utilizando-se o teste de aglutinação modificada (MAT), a técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) e o ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimática (ELISA) para a pesquisa viral, respectivamente. Os resultados evidenciaram a ocorrência de três destes patógenos nos animais avaliados. A infeção por T. gondii foi a mais prevalente, observando-se soropositividade em 59,3% (16/27) dos animais. Anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. e FIV também foram detectados, ambos com soroprevalência de 11,1% (3/27). Nenhuma amostra foi reagente para FeLV. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a onças-pardas estão expostas à diversos agentes etiológicos, alguns potencialmente patogênicos para a espécie, ressaltando a necessidade de monitoramento constante do perfil epidemiológico destes animais, especialmente em áreas altamente fragmentadas.
The environmental changes caused by anthropic factors have caused changes in the host-pathogen relationship. The emergence or re-emergence of many infectious and parasitic diseases associated with the degradation of the natural habitat, may have serious impacts on the conservation of several wild species. The exposure of animals to important zoonotic agents still represents a threat to Public Health. The cougar (Puma concolor) has suffered several threats in the last decades and it faces an intense population decline in different regions. Little is known about the impact of the circulation of pathogens on this species. Given this scenario, the present study aimed to conduct a serological survey to assess the circulation of four potentially pathogenic agents for felids, in 27 free-living cougars, from municipalities located near the Tietê River basin, in the State of São Paulo. The analyzes included the search for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., FIV and FeLV, using the modified agglutination test (MAT), the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the viral research, respectively. The results showed the occurrence of three of these pathogens in the animals evaluated. Infection with T. gondii was the most prevalent one, with seropositivity being observed in 59.3% (16/27) of the animals. Antibodies against Leptospira spp. and IVF were also detected, both with 11.1% seroprevalence (3/27). No sample was reagent for FeLV. The results of this study indicate that pumas are exposed to several potentially pathogenic agents for the species, highlighting the need for constant monitoring of the epidemiological profile of these animals, especially in highly fragmented areas.
The environmental changes caused by anthropic factors have caused changes in the host-pathogen relationship. The emergence or re-emergence of many infectious and parasitic diseases associated with the degradation of the natural habitat, may have serious impacts on the conservation of several wild species. The exposure of animals to important zoonotic agents still represents a threat to Public Health. The cougar (Puma concolor) has suffered several threats in the last decades and it faces an intense population decline in different regions. Little is known about the impact of the circulation of pathogens on this species. Given this scenario, the present study aimed to conduct a serological survey to assess the circulation of four potentially pathogenic agents for felids, in 27 free-living cougars, from municipalities located near the Tietê River basin, in the State of São Paulo. The analyzes included the search for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., FIV and FeLV, using the modified agglutination test (MAT), the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the viral research, respectively. The results showed the occurrence of three of these pathogens in the animals evaluated. Infection with T. gondii was the most prevalent one, with seropositivity being observed in 59.3% (16/27) of the animals. Antibodies against Leptospira spp. and IVF were also detected, both with 11.1% seroprevalence (3/27). No sample was reagent for FeLV. The results of this study indicate that pumas are exposed to several potentially pathogenic agents for the species, highlighting the need for constant monitoring of the epidemiological profile of these animals, especially in highly fragmented areas.
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Palavras-chave
Felidae, Doenças infecciosas, In situ, Conservação, Felidae, Infectious diseases, In situ, Conservation