Biology of bone tissue: structure, function, and factors that influence bone cells

Florencio-Silva, Rinaldo; Sasso, Gisela Rodrigues da Silva; Sasso-Cerri, Estela [UNESP]; Simões, Manuel Jesus; Cerri, Paulo Sérgio [UNESP]

Biology of bone tissue: structure, function, and factors that influence bone cells

Arquivos

PMC4515490.pdf (5.92 MB)

Data

2015

Autores

Florencio-Silva, Rinaldo

Sasso, Gisela Rodrigues da Silva

Sasso-Cerri, Estela

Simões, Manuel Jesus

Cerri, Paulo Sérgio

Editor

Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Tipo

Artigo

Direito de acesso

Acesso aberto

Resumo

Bone tissue is continuously remodeled through the concerted actions of bone cells, which include bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, whereas osteocytes act as mechanosensors and orchestrators of the bone remodeling process. This process is under the control of local (e.g., growth factors and cytokines) and systemic (e.g., calcitonin and estrogens) factors that all together contribute for bone homeostasis. An imbalance between bone resorption and formation can result in bone diseases including osteoporosis. Recently, it has been recognized that, during bone remodeling, there are an intricate communication among bone cells. For instance, the coupling from bone resorption to bone formation is achieved by interaction between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Moreover, osteocytes produce factors that influence osteoblast and osteoclast activities, whereas osteocyte apoptosis is followed by osteoclastic bone resorption. The increasing knowledge about the structure and functions of bone cells contributed to a better understanding of bone biology. It has been suggested that there is a complex communication between bone cells and other organs, indicating the dynamic nature of bone tissue. In this review, we discuss the current data about the structure and functions of bone cells and the factors that influence bone remodeling.