Tecnologia de educação em saúde a ser utilizada pelos profissionais nos serviços de saúde para abordagem dos pais que recusam ou hesitam vacinar seus filhos
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2024-02-15
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: A recusa e a hesitação vacinal têm assumido relevância crescente e global na pauta das políticas e serviços de saúde. No Brasil, a queda das coberturas vacinais e a busca de estratégias de superação deste problema torna essencial a aproximação dessa temática. Objetivo: Construir produto voltado à tecnologia de educação em saúde a ser utilizado pelos profissionais nos serviços de saúde na abordagem dos pais que hesitam ou recusam a vacinar seus filhos. Método: Para subsidiar a construção da tecnologia realizou-se revisão de escopo para mapear, sistematizar e consolidar as evidências disponíveis sobre a motivação dos pais que hesitam ou se recusam a vacinar seus filhos na infância ou adolescência, respeitando-se os critérios do Joana Briggs Institute e o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Foram utilizadas as bases de dados: Embase, Scopus, CINAHL; IBECS; LILACS; Pubmed; Web of Science; Cochrane Library e American Psychological Association, além de terem sido realizadas buscas secundárias no ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global e no Google Scholar. Em todos os casos, selecionaram-se estudos sem restrição de data ou idioma. A busca primária ocorreu no dia 10 de março de 2022 e a secundária entre agosto e setembro de 2023, sendo a análise dos estudos realizada por dois pesquisadores independentes, além de terceiro revisor para os resultados divergentes. O infográfico, a ser utilizado pelos serviços de saúde, foi realizado segundo metodologia proposta por Carvalho & Aragão (2012) e que pode ser dividida em três fases: concepção, execução e acabamento, viabilizadas a partir de 10 etapas: 1- Pauta; 2- Apuração e Levantamento de Dados; 3- Análise de Similares; 4- Elaboração de Conteúdo; 5- Arquitetura de Informação; 6- Arte Final; 7- Acabamento; 8- Revisão; 9- Publicação e 10- Análise Crítica. Resultados: A amostra final, constituída por 103 artigos, evidenciou os motivos para não vacinar: preocupação com a segurança e efeitos adversos; desconfiança no processo; posição do médico contra vacinação; falta de informação ou informações falsas; problemas de acesso e relativos à qualidade dos serviços; percepção de ausência de risco pela não vacinação; importância da imunidade natural e o papel da religião. Tomando por base estes resultados construiu-se um infográfico com cinco verdades sobre a vacinação: Vacinas são seguras; vacinas não causam doenças ou problemas de saúde; vacinas são necessárias; vacinas são alvo de informações falsas e teorias da conspiração e vacinas são gratuitas e disponíveis. Conclusões: O infográfico produzido aborda o tema com dados científicos e de fácil entendimento e poderá subsidiar os serviços de saúde na abordagem da hesitação e recusa vacinal.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Vaccine refusal and hesitancy have assumed increasing and global relevance in the agenda of health policies and services. In Brazil, the drop in vaccination coverage and the search for strategies to overcome this problem make it essential to approach this issue. Objective: Build a product focused on health education technology to be used by professionals in health services to approach parents who hesitate or refuse to vaccinate their children. Method: To support the construction of the technology, a scoping review was carried out to map, systematize and consolidate the available evidence on the motivation of parents who hesitate or refuse to vaccinate their children in childhood or adolescence, respecting the Joana Briggs criteria Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The following databases were used: Embase, Scopus, CINAHL; IBECS; LILACS; Pubmed; Web of Science; Cochrane Library and American Psychological Association, in addition to secondary searches being carried out in ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global and Google Scholar. In all cases, studies were selected without date or language restrictions. The primary search occurred on March 10, 2022 and the secondary from August to September 2023, both being analyzed by two independent researchers and with a third reviewer for divergent decisions. The infographic, to be used by health services, was created according to the methodology proposed by Carvalho & Aragão (2012) and which can be divided into three phases: conception, execution and finishing, made possible through 10 steps: 1- Agenda; 2- Investigation and Data Collection; 3- Analysis of Similar; 4- Content Creation; 5- Information Architecture; 6- Final Art; 7- Finishing; 8- Review; 9- Publication and 10- Critical Analysis. Results: The final sample, consisting of 103 articles, highlighted the reasons for not vaccinating: concerns about safety and adverse effects; distrust in the process; doctor's position against vaccination; lack of information or false information; problems of access and quality of services; perception of lack of risk due to non-vaccination; importance of natural immunity and the role of religion. Based on these results, an infographic was created with five truths about vaccination: Vaccines are safe; vaccines do not cause diseases or health problems; vaccines are necessary; vaccines are the target of false information and conspiracy theories and vaccines are free and available. Conclusions: The infographic produced addresses the topic with scientific and easy-to-understand data and can support health services in addressing vaccine hesitancy and refusal.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Vaccine refusal and hesitancy have assumed increasing and global relevance in the agenda of health policies and services. In Brazil, the drop in vaccination coverage and the search for strategies to overcome this problem make it essential to approach this issue. Objective: Build a product focused on health education technology to be used by professionals in health services to approach parents who hesitate or refuse to vaccinate their children. Method: To support the construction of the technology, a scoping review was carried out to map, systematize and consolidate the available evidence on the motivation of parents who hesitate or refuse to vaccinate their children in childhood or adolescence, respecting the Joana Briggs criteria Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The following databases were used: Embase, Scopus, CINAHL; IBECS; LILACS; Pubmed; Web of Science; Cochrane Library and American Psychological Association, in addition to secondary searches being carried out in ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global and Google Scholar. In all cases, studies were selected without date or language restrictions. The primary search occurred on March 10, 2022 and the secondary from August to September 2023, both being analyzed by two independent researchers and with a third reviewer for divergent decisions. The infographic, to be used by health services, was created according to the methodology proposed by Carvalho & Aragão (2012) and which can be divided into three phases: conception, execution and finishing, made possible through 10 steps: 1- Agenda; 2- Investigation and Data Collection; 3- Analysis of Similar; 4- Content Creation; 5- Information Architecture; 6- Final Art; 7- Finishing; 8- Review; 9- Publication and 10- Critical Analysis. Results: The final sample, consisting of 103 articles, highlighted the reasons for not vaccinating: concerns about safety and adverse effects; distrust in the process; doctor's position against vaccination; lack of information or false information; problems of access and quality of services; perception of lack of risk due to non-vaccination; importance of natural immunity and the role of religion. Based on these results, an infographic was created with five truths about vaccination: Vaccines are safe; vaccines do not cause diseases or health problems; vaccines are necessary; vaccines are the target of false information and conspiracy theories and vaccines are free and available. Conclusions: The infographic produced addresses the topic with scientific and easy-to-understand data and can support health services in addressing vaccine hesitancy and refusal.
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Palavras-chave
Vacinação, Imunização, Hesitação vacinal, Pais, Tecnologia educacional
Como citar
SOUZA, Inácio Heloisa Lopes de. Tecnologia de educação em saúde a ser utilizada pelos profissionais nos serviços de saúde para abordagem dos pais que recusam ou hesitam vacinar seus filhos. Orientador(a): Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima Parada. 2024. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem) - Faculdade de Medicina em Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista Botucatu (Unesp), Botucatu, 2024.