Anatomia do sistema gastrointestinal e análise nutricional do conteúdo estomacal de Tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla, LINNAEUS, 1758)
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Data
2023-06-21
Autores
Mangueira, Danyele Karoline Avante
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os tamanduás são insetívoros e possuem características anatômicas e nutricionais peculiares. Em cativeiro não é possível reproduzir a dieta in situ. Assim, importante conhecer as particularidades anatômicas e alimentares da espécie. Os objetivos do estudo foram: realizar a biometria corporal e dos órgãos do trato gastrointestinal de tamanduás-mirins (Tamandua tetradactyla) de vida livre, determinando a inter-relação entre ambos; descrever a anatomia e histologia dos órgãos gastrointestinais; analisar a composição química do conteúdo estomacal. Foram utilizadas onze carcaças de animais vítimas de atropelamentos. Avaliou-se, comprimento e peso corporais e o escore de condição corporal. Na necropsia, foram anotados os aspectos anatômicos e coletadas amostras para histologia e análise química. A anatomia e histologia foram similares ao descrito em literatura, entretanto, com mensurações dos órgãos divergentes. Observou-se correlação positiva entre peso e tamanho corporais com o peso de órgãos. Características peculiares, como língua longa, glândula salivar única e volumosa, esôfago com epitélio queratinizado, estômago unicavitário, fígado com seis lobos, vesícula biliar, pâncreas com lobo único e reto inserido em estrutura similar a uma cloaca, foram observadas. O conteúdo estomacal apresentou valores de matéria seca 22,5%, matéria mineral 40,8%, extrato etéreo 5,1%, proteína bruta 39,0%, fibra bruta 22,9% e energia metabolizável de 3,3 Kcal/g. Concluiu-se que, nos tamanduás-mirins de vida livre, o tamanho corporal influenciou no peso dos órgãos. A espécie possui adaptações anatômicas que favorecem seu hábito alimentar insetívoro. O conteúdo apresentou elevado teor proteico e baixo teor de gordura, observando-se similaridade com a análise nutricional de cupins descrita na literatura.
Anteaters are insectivores with peculiar anatomical and nutritional characteristics. In captivity, it’s impossible to reproduce the diet in-situ. Thus, knowing the species' anatomical and feeding particularities is important. The study aimed to describe the body biometry and gastrointestinal anatomy of roadkilled lesser anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla), identifying the interrelationship between the data; to describe the anatomy and histology of the gastrointestinal organs; to assay the chemical composition of stomach content. Eleven carcasses were used. Body length and weight and body condition score were evaluated. Anatomical aspects were noted, and samples were collected for histology and chemical analyze. The anatomy was similar to that described in the literature, however, with divergent measurements of organs. A positive correlation was observed between body weight and size with the weight of organs. Peculiar characteristics such, a long tongue, a single and voluminous salivary gland, an esophagus with keratinized epithelium, a single-chambered stomach, a liver with six lobes, a gallbladder, a pancreas with a single lobe and a rectum inserted in a structure similar to a cloaca was observed. The stomach content showed values of dry matter 22.5%, mineral matter 40.8%, fat 5.1%, crude protein 39.0%, crude fiber 22.9% and metabolizable energy of 3.3 Kcal/g. It was concluded that, in free-living lesser anteaters, the body size influences organ weight. The species has anatomical adaptations that favor its insectivorous feeding habit. The chemical composition of the stomach content showed high protein and low fat percent, observing similarity with the nutritional analysis of termites described in the literature.
Anteaters are insectivores with peculiar anatomical and nutritional characteristics. In captivity, it’s impossible to reproduce the diet in-situ. Thus, knowing the species' anatomical and feeding particularities is important. The study aimed to describe the body biometry and gastrointestinal anatomy of roadkilled lesser anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla), identifying the interrelationship between the data; to describe the anatomy and histology of the gastrointestinal organs; to assay the chemical composition of stomach content. Eleven carcasses were used. Body length and weight and body condition score were evaluated. Anatomical aspects were noted, and samples were collected for histology and chemical analyze. The anatomy was similar to that described in the literature, however, with divergent measurements of organs. A positive correlation was observed between body weight and size with the weight of organs. Peculiar characteristics such, a long tongue, a single and voluminous salivary gland, an esophagus with keratinized epithelium, a single-chambered stomach, a liver with six lobes, a gallbladder, a pancreas with a single lobe and a rectum inserted in a structure similar to a cloaca was observed. The stomach content showed values of dry matter 22.5%, mineral matter 40.8%, fat 5.1%, crude protein 39.0%, crude fiber 22.9% and metabolizable energy of 3.3 Kcal/g. It was concluded that, in free-living lesser anteaters, the body size influences organ weight. The species has anatomical adaptations that favor its insectivorous feeding habit. The chemical composition of the stomach content showed high protein and low fat percent, observing similarity with the nutritional analysis of termites described in the literature.
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Palavras-chave
Aparelho digestivo, Histologia, Macroscopia, Morfologia, Xenarthra, Digestive system, Histology, Macroscopic, Morphology