Seleção de combinações de copa e porta-enxerto de citros na presença de HLB
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2022-09-13
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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O huanglongbing (HLB) é uma das doenças mais destrutivas dos citros, e sua presença implica adoção de estratégias de manejo e de controle do inseto-vetor. Nesse contexto, o monitoramento das brotações é importante para direcionar essas ações e avaliar a exposição de diferentes genótipos à doença, uma vez que sua manifestação em variedades copa sofre influência do porta-enxerto. Buscando compreender essa interação entre copa e porta-enxerto, foram avaliados o desempenho horticultural, a dinâmica de brotação e a sobrevivência ao HLB de cinco variedades cítricas, laranjeira ‘Valência’, laranjeira ‘Pera’, laranjeira ‘Folha Murcha’, limeira-ácida ‘Tahiti’ e tangerineira ‘Ponkan’, enxertadas em diferentes porta-enxertos contrastantes para vigor. O experimento com ‘Valência’ foi instalado em 2011, e os demais, em 2016, todos no município de Bebedouro, São Paulo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 16 porta-enxertos para ‘Valência’, 25 porta-enxertos para ‘Ponkan’ e ‘Folha Murcha e 26 porta-enxertos para ‘Pera’ e ‘Tahiti’. Na copa ‘Valência’, embora todos os porta-enxertos sejam suscetíveis à doença, o trifoliateiro ‘Flying Dragon’ apresentou menor incidência acumulada de HLB e baixa nota de severidade da doença sob condições de inoculação natural, seguido do citrumelo ‘Swingle’ e do citrandarin ‘IAC 1697’. Na presença do HLB, a ‘Valência’ sofreu alterações na produção e no montante de frutos assintomáticos e sintomáticos, com maior redução no ‘Flying Dragon’. Em geral, o HLB também interferiu na qualidade do suco, causando redução de tamanho e de massa dos frutos, aumento da acidez e redução do ratio. De acordo com todas as variáveis analisadas, os citrandarins ‘IAC 1711’ e ‘IAC 1697’ mostraram-se alternativas promissoras ao limoeiro ‘Cravo’, ao citrumelo ‘Swingle’ e à tangerineira ‘Sunki’ sob sequeiro. Entre as outras quatro variedades copas avaliadas após 69 meses do plantio, a ‘Ponkan’ teve maiores volume de copa e incidência acumulada de HLB, seguida do ‘Tahiti’, da ‘Pera’ e da ‘Folha Murcha’. Os porta-enxertos mais vigorosos tenderam a ter maior incidência da doença na média geral. Entre os porta-enxertos ananicantes, o ‘TRFD’ e o ‘245’ apresentaram menores volume de copa e incidência acumulada nas quatro copas. O porta-enxerto citrandarin ‘287’ se destacou, pois as plantas enxertadas nele não apresentaram sintomas. A incidência de HLB se correlacionou com o volume de copa, a frequência e a intensidade de brotação apenas na copa de ‘Tahiti’. Evidenciou-se, assim, que é essencial avaliar individualmente cada combinação, pois há diferenças de comportamento a depender da interação entre copa e porta-enxerto.
– Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus, and its presence implies the adoption of strategies for management and control of the vector insect. In this context, the monitoring of sprouts is important to direct these actions and assess the exposure of different genotypes to the disease, since its manifestation in the scion is influenced by the rootstock. In an attempt to understand this interaction between scion and rootstock, we evaluated the horticultural performance, budding dynamics and survival to HLB of five citrus varieties: 'Valencia' orange, 'Pera' orange, 'Folha Murcha' orange, 'Tahiti' lime, and 'Ponkan' mandarin, grafted on different rootstocks of contrasting vigor. The experiment with 'Valencia' was installed in 2011, and the others, in 2016, all in the municipality of Bebedouro, SP, Brazil. The experimental design was entirely randomized with 16 rootstocks of 'Valencia', 25 rootstocks of 'Ponkan' and 'Folha Murcha', and 26 rootstocks of 'Pera' and 'Tahiti'. In the 'Valencia' scion, although all rootstocks were susceptible to the disease, the trifoliate 'Flying Dragon' showed a lower cumulative HLB incidence and low disease severity score under natural inoculation conditions, followed by the 'Swingle' citrumelo and 'IAC 1697' citrandarin. In the presence of HLB, 'Valencia' underwent changes in yield and the amount of asymptomatic and symptomatic fruits, with a greater reduction of 'Flying Dragon'. In general, HLB also interfered with juice quality, causing reduced fruit size and weight, increased acidity, and reduced ratio. According to all the variables analyzed, the citrandarins 'IAC 1711' and 'IAC 1697' were promising alternatives to 'Rangpur' lemon, 'Swingle' citrumelo, and 'Sunki' mandarin under rainfed conditions. Among the other four scion varieties evaluated 69 months after planting, 'Ponkan' had the highest canopy volume and accumulated HLB incidence, followed by 'Tahiti', 'Pera', and 'Folha Murcha'. The most vigorous rootstocks tended to have higher disease incidence on general average. Among the dwarfing rootstocks, 'TRFD' and '245' had lower canopy volume and cumulative incidence in all four scion varieties. The '287' citrandarin rootstock stood out, as the plants grafted on it showed no symptoms. HLB incidence correlated with canopy volume, frequency, and budding intensity only in the 'Tahiti' variety. Thus, it was evidenced that it is essential to evaluate each combination individually, because there are differences in behavior depending on the interaction between scion and rootstock.
– Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus, and its presence implies the adoption of strategies for management and control of the vector insect. In this context, the monitoring of sprouts is important to direct these actions and assess the exposure of different genotypes to the disease, since its manifestation in the scion is influenced by the rootstock. In an attempt to understand this interaction between scion and rootstock, we evaluated the horticultural performance, budding dynamics and survival to HLB of five citrus varieties: 'Valencia' orange, 'Pera' orange, 'Folha Murcha' orange, 'Tahiti' lime, and 'Ponkan' mandarin, grafted on different rootstocks of contrasting vigor. The experiment with 'Valencia' was installed in 2011, and the others, in 2016, all in the municipality of Bebedouro, SP, Brazil. The experimental design was entirely randomized with 16 rootstocks of 'Valencia', 25 rootstocks of 'Ponkan' and 'Folha Murcha', and 26 rootstocks of 'Pera' and 'Tahiti'. In the 'Valencia' scion, although all rootstocks were susceptible to the disease, the trifoliate 'Flying Dragon' showed a lower cumulative HLB incidence and low disease severity score under natural inoculation conditions, followed by the 'Swingle' citrumelo and 'IAC 1697' citrandarin. In the presence of HLB, 'Valencia' underwent changes in yield and the amount of asymptomatic and symptomatic fruits, with a greater reduction of 'Flying Dragon'. In general, HLB also interfered with juice quality, causing reduced fruit size and weight, increased acidity, and reduced ratio. According to all the variables analyzed, the citrandarins 'IAC 1711' and 'IAC 1697' were promising alternatives to 'Rangpur' lemon, 'Swingle' citrumelo, and 'Sunki' mandarin under rainfed conditions. Among the other four scion varieties evaluated 69 months after planting, 'Ponkan' had the highest canopy volume and accumulated HLB incidence, followed by 'Tahiti', 'Pera', and 'Folha Murcha'. The most vigorous rootstocks tended to have higher disease incidence on general average. Among the dwarfing rootstocks, 'TRFD' and '245' had lower canopy volume and cumulative incidence in all four scion varieties. The '287' citrandarin rootstock stood out, as the plants grafted on it showed no symptoms. HLB incidence correlated with canopy volume, frequency, and budding intensity only in the 'Tahiti' variety. Thus, it was evidenced that it is essential to evaluate each combination individually, because there are differences in behavior depending on the interaction between scion and rootstock.
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Qualidade dos frutos, Citrus, Análise de sobrevivência, Laranja