Efeito do glifosato e cletodim no controle do capim-amargoso em diferentes sistemas de manejo, com e sem irrigação
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Data
2023-01-12
Autores
Garcia, Marcos Vinícius Cardoso
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O capim-amargoso é uma planta daninha de rápida disseminação que está presente em várias regiões do Brasil e do mundo. Dentre as plantas daninhas de difícil controle, possui grande relevância devido a sua resistência ao glifosato. Desta forma, este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o efeito do tempo da perenização na eficácia da mistura de glifosato e cletodim no controle do capim-amargoso em pós-emergência. O experimento foi realizado em área sem histórico de infestação de D. insularis, com e sem irrigação, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da FCAV/UNESP. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com 12 tratamentos e 4 repetições, onde os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos meses de semeadura, totalizando 48 parcelas para cada condição de irrigação. Após um ano, metade de cada parcela foi roçada e a outra metade permaneceu no mato e, após 30 dias, aplicou-se a mistura de glifosato com cletodim, acrescida de óleo mineral. Por ocasião das aplicações, foi determinada a altura média das plantas roçadas (PR) e não roçadas (PNR). Os dados meteorológicos registrados durante o experimento foram coletados com a Estação Agroclimatológica da FCAV. O controle da planta daninha foi avaliado aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 e 49 dias após a aplicação (DAA), por meio da escala visual de notas da ALAM. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Para as plantas não roçadas (PNR), os meses de janeiro a abril, e agosto a setembro apresentaram alta eficiência de controle do capim-amargoso na condição de sequeiro, entretanto, essa eficiência sofreu uma redução acentuada nos meses de maio a junho e outubro a dezembro. Comportamentos semelhantes foram observados para as plantas roçadas (PR), onde houve alta eficiência de controle de janeiro a abril e de agosto a outubro para as condições de sequeiro. Em maio houve redução no controle em condições de sequeiro, o que se estendeu até junho e julho, porém, nos mesmos meses, houve alta eficiência de controle para as plantas irrigadas. Em novembro e dezembro, voltou a ocorrer redução na eficiência de controle. Assim, conclui-se que, para plantas não roçadas as maiores porcentagens de controle estão no período de sequeiro e, para plantas roçadas, o período irrigado auxiliou no melhor controle. Os meses de maio, junho e julho, em ambos os sistemas de irrigação, tanto para PR e PNR apresentaram menor efetividade do controle do capim-amargoso perenizado.
The sourgrass is a rapidly spreading weed that is present in several regions of Brazil and the world. Among the difficult-to-control weeds, it has a great sanctuary due to its resistance to glyphosate. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the effect of perennialization time on the effectiveness of the mixture of glyphosate and clethodim in the control of sourgrass in post-emergence. The experiment was carried out in an area with no history of infestation by D. insularis, with and without irrigation, at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm of FCAV/UNESP. An experimental design of randomized blocks was used, with 12 treatments and 4 replications, where the treatments consisted of months of sowing, totaling 48 plots for each irrigation condition. After one year, half of each plot was mowed and the other half registered in the bush and, after 30 days, a mixture of glyphosate and clethodim, added with mineral oil, was applied. At the time of the applications, the average height of the mowed (PR) and non-mowed (PNR) plants was determined. Meteorological data recorded during the experiment were collected with the FCAV's Agroclimatological Station. Weed control was evaluated at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days after application (DAA), using the ALAM visual rating scale. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance using the F test and the means were detected using the Tukey test at a 5% probability level. For the uncut plants (PNR), the months from January to April, and August to September showed high control efficiency of sourgrass in the rainfed condition, however, this efficiency suffered a sharp reduction in the months of May to June and October to December. Similar behavior was observed for mowed plants (PR), where there was high control efficiency from January to April and from August to October for rainfed conditions. In May, there was a reduction in control under rainfed conditions, which extended from June to July, however, in the same months, there was high control efficiency for irrigated plants. In November and December, there was again a reduction in control efficiency. Thus, it is concluded that, for non-cut plants, the highest percentages of control are in the rainfed period and, for plants cut, the irrigated period helped in the best control. The months of May, June and July, in both irrigation systems, both for PR and for PNR, underwent perennial sourgrass control.
The sourgrass is a rapidly spreading weed that is present in several regions of Brazil and the world. Among the difficult-to-control weeds, it has a great sanctuary due to its resistance to glyphosate. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the effect of perennialization time on the effectiveness of the mixture of glyphosate and clethodim in the control of sourgrass in post-emergence. The experiment was carried out in an area with no history of infestation by D. insularis, with and without irrigation, at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm of FCAV/UNESP. An experimental design of randomized blocks was used, with 12 treatments and 4 replications, where the treatments consisted of months of sowing, totaling 48 plots for each irrigation condition. After one year, half of each plot was mowed and the other half registered in the bush and, after 30 days, a mixture of glyphosate and clethodim, added with mineral oil, was applied. At the time of the applications, the average height of the mowed (PR) and non-mowed (PNR) plants was determined. Meteorological data recorded during the experiment were collected with the FCAV's Agroclimatological Station. Weed control was evaluated at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days after application (DAA), using the ALAM visual rating scale. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance using the F test and the means were detected using the Tukey test at a 5% probability level. For the uncut plants (PNR), the months from January to April, and August to September showed high control efficiency of sourgrass in the rainfed condition, however, this efficiency suffered a sharp reduction in the months of May to June and October to December. Similar behavior was observed for mowed plants (PR), where there was high control efficiency from January to April and from August to October for rainfed conditions. In May, there was a reduction in control under rainfed conditions, which extended from June to July, however, in the same months, there was high control efficiency for irrigated plants. In November and December, there was again a reduction in control efficiency. Thus, it is concluded that, for non-cut plants, the highest percentages of control are in the rainfed period and, for plants cut, the irrigated period helped in the best control. The months of May, June and July, in both irrigation systems, both for PR and for PNR, underwent perennial sourgrass control.
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Palavras-chave
Herbicidas, Resistência a Herbicidas, Capim, Ervas daninhas