Novas possibilidades para o controle microbiano de Gonipterus platensis (Marelli) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Data
2020-11-27
Autores
Jordan, Carolina [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil é considerado, atualmente, uma potência florestal, possuindo a maior produtividade e uma das menores rotações do mundo em seus plantios de eucalipto. Todavia, a presença de grandes maciços florestais favorece a ocorrência e o estabelecimento de insetos-praga. O gorgulho-do-eucalipto, Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), é o principal besouro desfolhador do eucalipto no mundo e um dos mais antigos a ser detectado fora da Austrália. Essa praga possui alto potencial destrutivo, tanto na fase adulta quanto na fase larval e o seu controle no Brasil se dá principalmente pela utilização de agentes de controle biológico, destacando-se os micopesticidas à base de Beauveria bassiana, como também o parasitóide de ovos, Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Por outro lado, existem somente dois produtos compostos por B. bassiana registrados e disponíveis comercialmente para o controle desse inseto. Ademais, desde 2012 as taxas de parasitismos vêm oscilando, com níveis de intenso a baixo. Diante disso, há necessidade de se explorar novas estratégias de controle, visando o manejo integrado de pragas. Consequentemente, o presente trabalho visa aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o controle microbiano desse inseto-praga, dividido em quatro diferentes objetivos, sendo eles; i e ii) conhecer e identificar os possíveis microsporídeos e vírus associados ao G. platensis; iii) selecionar isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis que expressem alta toxicidade a larvas neonatas de G. platensis, como também; iv) rastrear e selecionar isolados brasileiros de fungos entomopatogênicos com alta virulência a adultos de G. platensis com a maior produção de inóculo secundário em cadáveres de insetos. Obtivemos resultados pioneiros com essa pesquisa, indicando alternativas viáveis para o controle biológico desse inseto-praga, fornecendo assim subsídios ao manejo integrado e produção massal.
Brazil is currently considered a forestry power with leading productivity and having one of the shortest rotations in the world in its Eucalyptus plantations. However, the extensive forest planted areas favour occurrence and establishment of insect pests. The eucalyptus snout beetle (ESB), Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the major defoliating weevil in the world and one of the oldest to be detected outside Australia. This pest has a high destructive potential, both in adulthood and in larval phase, and its principal control in Brazil relies mainly on the use of biological control agents, especially mycopesticides based on Beauveria bassiana, as well as an egg parasitoid, Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Nevertheless, there are only two products based on B. bassiana commercially available for its control. In addition, since 2012, parasitism rates have varied with levels from intense to low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new control strategies, aimed at integrated pest management. Consequently, the present work aims to expand the knowledge about the microbial control of this insect pest, split into four different objectives, namely: i and ii) to know and identify the possible microsporidian and virus pathogens associated with G. platensis: iii) to select Bacillus thuringiensis isolates that express high toxicity to neonate larvae of G. platensis, and iv) to screen and select Brazilian isolates of entomopathogenic fungi with high virulence against G.platensis adults coupled with the highest secondary inoculum production in insect cadavers. Pioneering results were obtained with this research, indicating viable alternatives for the biological control of this insect pest, thus providing subsidies for integrated management and mass production.
Brazil is currently considered a forestry power with leading productivity and having one of the shortest rotations in the world in its Eucalyptus plantations. However, the extensive forest planted areas favour occurrence and establishment of insect pests. The eucalyptus snout beetle (ESB), Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the major defoliating weevil in the world and one of the oldest to be detected outside Australia. This pest has a high destructive potential, both in adulthood and in larval phase, and its principal control in Brazil relies mainly on the use of biological control agents, especially mycopesticides based on Beauveria bassiana, as well as an egg parasitoid, Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Nevertheless, there are only two products based on B. bassiana commercially available for its control. In addition, since 2012, parasitism rates have varied with levels from intense to low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new control strategies, aimed at integrated pest management. Consequently, the present work aims to expand the knowledge about the microbial control of this insect pest, split into four different objectives, namely: i and ii) to know and identify the possible microsporidian and virus pathogens associated with G. platensis: iii) to select Bacillus thuringiensis isolates that express high toxicity to neonate larvae of G. platensis, and iv) to screen and select Brazilian isolates of entomopathogenic fungi with high virulence against G.platensis adults coupled with the highest secondary inoculum production in insect cadavers. Pioneering results were obtained with this research, indicating viable alternatives for the biological control of this insect pest, thus providing subsidies for integrated management and mass production.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Controle microbiano, Entomopatogenos, Bioprospecção, Gorgulho-do-eucalipto, Microbial control, Entomopatogens, Bioprospecting, Eucalyptus snout beetle