O Bolsa Família em ação: seguindo atores, mapeando a rede
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Data
2023-03-30
Autores
Floriano, Guilherme de Matos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é seguir os atores envolvidos no Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e delinear a rede que forma o programa — sejam estes atores humanos ou não-humanos. Na medida em que o PBF é dotado de agência, ele constitui um espaço social específico — uma rede sociotécnica — que mobiliza categorias e gera alterações e impactos na sociedade. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é seguir os atores humanos e não humanos envolvidos no Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e delinear a rede que forma o programa. Para tanto, a pesquisa se vale da etnografia. Nesse sentido, parte-se da hipótese de que o PBF é híbrido por constituir uma rede que passa pela ciência, pela sociedade e pelo discurso, sendo, portanto, real, coletiva e discursiva. Por conseguinte, é social nos termos de Latour. Tomando como premissa a ideia de que agregados sociais precisam ser explicados e não tomados como explicação, o social é composto por um princípio de conexões. Não existe “esfera da política” e “esfera da ciência”. Como espaço empírico crucial desse estudo, tem-se a Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social (SMADS) que se constitui enquanto local de referência da proteção social no Brasil juntamente dos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS). O protagonismo da SMADS se deve ao fato de ser o espaço onde é alocada a gerência do Cadastro Único e a gestão do PBF, sendo assim responsável pelo contato das famílias com os programas sociais do Estado. O que se coloca, portanto, é que tal visão permitirá perceber os fenômenos sociais, econômicos e culturais que o constituem em sua magnitude, bem como, perceber o PBF enquanto um encontro entre beneficiários e o Estado o que, por fim, permitirá compreender como se dão tais disputas pelos significados mobilizadas no interior da efetivação do PBF, delineando sua rede e seu cosmograma.
The main objective of this research is to follow the actors involved in the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) and outline the network that forms the program — whether these actors are human or non-human. To the extent that the PBF is endowed with agency, it constitutes a specific social space — a sociotechnical network — that mobilizes categories and generates changes and impacts on society. The objective of this research is to follow the human and non-human actors involved in the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) and outline the network that forms the program. Therefore, the research uses ethnography. In this sense, we start from the hypothesis that the PBF is hybrid because it constitutes a network that passes through science, society and discourse, being, therefore, real, collective and discursive. Therefore, it is social in Latour's terms. Taking as a premise the idea that social aggregates need to be explained and not taken as an explanation, the social is composed of a principle of connections. There is no “sphere of politics” and “sphere of science”. As a crucial empirical space of this study, there is the Municipal Secretariat of Social Assistance (SMADS) which constitutes itself as a reference place for social protection in Brazil together with the Reference Centers for Social Assistance (CRAS). The leading role of the SMADS is due to the fact that it is the space where the Single Registry and the PBF are managed, thus being responsible for the contact of families with the State's social programs. What arises, therefore, is that such a vision will allow us to perceive the social, economic and cultural phenomena that constitute it in its magnitude, as well as, to perceive the PBF as a meeting between beneficiaries and the State which, finally, will allow us to understand how such disputes take place over the meanings mobilized within the effectiveness of the PBF, outlining its network and its cosmogram.
The main objective of this research is to follow the actors involved in the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) and outline the network that forms the program — whether these actors are human or non-human. To the extent that the PBF is endowed with agency, it constitutes a specific social space — a sociotechnical network — that mobilizes categories and generates changes and impacts on society. The objective of this research is to follow the human and non-human actors involved in the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) and outline the network that forms the program. Therefore, the research uses ethnography. In this sense, we start from the hypothesis that the PBF is hybrid because it constitutes a network that passes through science, society and discourse, being, therefore, real, collective and discursive. Therefore, it is social in Latour's terms. Taking as a premise the idea that social aggregates need to be explained and not taken as an explanation, the social is composed of a principle of connections. There is no “sphere of politics” and “sphere of science”. As a crucial empirical space of this study, there is the Municipal Secretariat of Social Assistance (SMADS) which constitutes itself as a reference place for social protection in Brazil together with the Reference Centers for Social Assistance (CRAS). The leading role of the SMADS is due to the fact that it is the space where the Single Registry and the PBF are managed, thus being responsible for the contact of families with the State's social programs. What arises, therefore, is that such a vision will allow us to perceive the social, economic and cultural phenomena that constitute it in its magnitude, as well as, to perceive the PBF as a meeting between beneficiaries and the State which, finally, will allow us to understand how such disputes take place over the meanings mobilized within the effectiveness of the PBF, outlining its network and its cosmogram.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Programa Bolsa Família, Teoria do Ator Rede, Rede sociotécnica, CRAS, Bruno Latour, Bolsa Família Program, Actor-Network Theory, Socio-technical network