Óleo de sementes de maracujá (Passiflora edulis) e sua influência no desempenho, qualidade de ovos e sistema antioxidante de poedeiras comerciais
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Data
2024-01-18
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os aditivos fitogênicos atuam melhorando o desempenho animal e as propriedades físico-químicas do produto final. As sementes do maracujá, quando submetidas a secagem e preensão, liberam óleo vegetal rico em componentes antioxidantes, como tocoferol, carotenoides, fitoesteróis, compostos fenólicos e ácidos graxos insaturados. Estes compostos têm demonstrado resultados satisfatórios na melhoria do desempenho e saúde das aves, assim como na qualidade dos ovos produzidos, tendo a possibilidade de aumentar o tempo de prateleira. Sendo assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do óleo de sementes de maracujá (OSM) em poedeiras comerciais durante quatro ciclos de 28 dias. Para isso, foram alojadas 192 poedeiras Lohmann White de 25 semanas de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos (0,00%, 0,45% e 0,90% de OSM) e oito repetições, totalizando 24 parcelas com oito aves cada. Foram avaliados o desempenho produtivo, qualidade de ovo, concentração de malonaldeído no plasma, peso relativo e comprimento de órgãos, expressão gênica das enzimas SOD, CAT e GPx e do fator NRF2 no fígado das poedeiras, composição e capacidade antioxidante da ração, e a qualidade e peroxidação lipídica de ovos armazenados em diferentes temperaturas e períodos. Os dados foram avaliados quanto a normalidade de resíduos pelo procedimento UNIVARIATE e analisados pelo procedimento REG usando regressões polinomiais de efeito linear e quadrático com 5% de probabilidade de erro. Nas análises em que o efeito do armazenamento foi considerado, foi avaliada a interação do armazenamento com as doses de óleo de maracujá. Quando significativo, os períodos de armazenamento foram comparados pelo teste de Tukey. O desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos não diferiram entre os tratamentos (P > 0,05). A inclusão de OSM resultou em redução linear na oxidação lipídica plasmática (P = 0,012) e aumento linear na expressão do gene CAT (P = 0,001). Não houve efeito (P > 0,05) para a expressão dos genes SOD, GPx e NRF2, a despeito do expressivo aumento percentual. O peso dos ovários (g) aumentou com 0,45% de OSM e reduziu com 0,90% de OSM em comparação ao grupo controle (P = 0,033), sem afetar o peso dos ovos. Portanto, o OSM até o nível de 0,90% proporciona respostas benéficas à saúde, pela estimulação do sistema antioxidante e redução da oxidação lipídica. Para ovos armazenados sob refrigeração, o OSM pode ser incluído no nível de 0,90%, apresentando melhores resultados para a qualidade do albúmen e da casca (porcentagem de casca, espessura da casca e peso da casca por superfície de área), e esses ovos podem ser armazenados por até 21 dias sem afetar a peroxidação lipídica.
Phytogenic additives act by improving animal performance and their final products physicochemical properties. The passion fruit seeds, when subjected to drying and pressing, release vegetal oil rich in antioxidant components, such as tocopherol, carotenoids, phytosterols, phenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids. These compounds have shown satisfactory results in improving the poultry performance and health, as well as the quality of the produced eggs, with possibility of increasing their shelf life. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of passion fruit seed oil (PFSO) in commercial laying hens during four cycles of 28 days. For this, 192 Lohmann White laying hens at 25 weeks of age were housed, distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments (0.00%, 0.45% and 0.90% PFSO) and eight replications, totaling 24 plots with eight hens each. The productive performance, egg quality, plasma malonaldehyde concentration, relative weight and length of organs, gene expression of SOD, CAT and GPx enzymes and NRF2 factor in the liver of laying hens, composition and antioxidant capacity of the feed, and quality and lipid peroxidation of stored eggs in different temperatures and periods were evaluated. Data were evaluated for residual normality by UNIVARIATE procedure and analyzed by REG procedure using polynomial regressions of linear and quadratic effects with a 5% probability of error. The analyzes in which the effect of storage was considered, the interaction of storage with doses of passion fruit oil was evaluated. When significant, storage periods were compared using the Tukey test. Performance and egg quality did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). The PFSO inclusion showed linear reduction in plasma lipid oxidation (P = 0.012) and linear increase in CAT gene expression (P = 0.001). There was no effect (P > 0.05) for SOD, GPx and NRF2 gene expression, despite the expressive percentage increase. Ovary weight (g) increased with 0.45% PFSO and reduced with 0.90% PFSO compared to the control group (P = 0.033), without affecting egg weight. Therefore, PFSO at a level up to 0.90% provide beneficial health responses by antioxidant system stimulation and lipid oxidation decrease. For eggs stored under refrigeration, PFSO can be included at 0.90% level, showing better results for albumen and eggshell quality (shell percentage, eggshell thickness and shell weight per surface area), and these eggs can be stored up to 21 days without affecting lipid peroxidation.
Phytogenic additives act by improving animal performance and their final products physicochemical properties. The passion fruit seeds, when subjected to drying and pressing, release vegetal oil rich in antioxidant components, such as tocopherol, carotenoids, phytosterols, phenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids. These compounds have shown satisfactory results in improving the poultry performance and health, as well as the quality of the produced eggs, with possibility of increasing their shelf life. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of passion fruit seed oil (PFSO) in commercial laying hens during four cycles of 28 days. For this, 192 Lohmann White laying hens at 25 weeks of age were housed, distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments (0.00%, 0.45% and 0.90% PFSO) and eight replications, totaling 24 plots with eight hens each. The productive performance, egg quality, plasma malonaldehyde concentration, relative weight and length of organs, gene expression of SOD, CAT and GPx enzymes and NRF2 factor in the liver of laying hens, composition and antioxidant capacity of the feed, and quality and lipid peroxidation of stored eggs in different temperatures and periods were evaluated. Data were evaluated for residual normality by UNIVARIATE procedure and analyzed by REG procedure using polynomial regressions of linear and quadratic effects with a 5% probability of error. The analyzes in which the effect of storage was considered, the interaction of storage with doses of passion fruit oil was evaluated. When significant, storage periods were compared using the Tukey test. Performance and egg quality did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). The PFSO inclusion showed linear reduction in plasma lipid oxidation (P = 0.012) and linear increase in CAT gene expression (P = 0.001). There was no effect (P > 0.05) for SOD, GPx and NRF2 gene expression, despite the expressive percentage increase. Ovary weight (g) increased with 0.45% PFSO and reduced with 0.90% PFSO compared to the control group (P = 0.033), without affecting egg weight. Therefore, PFSO at a level up to 0.90% provide beneficial health responses by antioxidant system stimulation and lipid oxidation decrease. For eggs stored under refrigeration, PFSO can be included at 0.90% level, showing better results for albumen and eggshell quality (shell percentage, eggshell thickness and shell weight per surface area), and these eggs can be stored up to 21 days without affecting lipid peroxidation.
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Compostos bioativos, Espécies reativas, Expressão de RNAm, Passiflora edulis, Bioactive compounds, Reactive species, RNAm expression
Como citar
CORDEIRO, L. C. Óleo de sementes de maracujá (Passiflora edulis) e sua influência no desempenho, qualidade de ovos e sistema antioxidante de poedeiras comerciais. 2024. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, 2024.