Padrões espaciais da ictiofauna de riachos associados ao cultivo de cana-de-açúcar na bacia do Alto Paraná
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Data
2022-04-19
Autores
Manzotti, Angelo Rodrigo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A influência das ações humanas sobre os ecossistemas da Terra é cada vez mais significativa e buscar soluções sustentáveis tornou-se imprescindível. Fontes limpas e renováveis de energia são uma das opções para reduzir esses impactos, o que coloca a produção de bioenergia em destaque no cenário mundial. Entender como a conversão e ampliação de áreas agrícolas influenciam a distribuição das espécies e os padrões de diversidade é fundamental para orientar estratégias de manejo e conservação. Para tanto, foi utilizado um conjunto de 149 riachos distribuídos pelo Planalto Ocidental Paulista com o objetivo de caracterizá-los e identificar os principais fatores de degradação, determinar os padrões espaciais da ictiofauna, em escala local e regional (capítulo 1), e avaliar os limiares ecológicos para as comunidades de peixes em um gradiente de uso de solo em regiões sobre forte influencia agrícola (capítulo 2), em especial das usinas de açúcar e álcool. O componente estrutural foi avaliado com a aplicação do índice de integridade física e a maior parte dos riachos foi classificada entre “muito pobre” e “regular”, tendo fatores relacionados a ausência ou baixa qualidade da vegetação ripária como principais fatores de degradação física. Para a composição das comunidades, pouca ou nenhuma influência da bacia de drenagem, hierarquia fluvial e da sazonalidade foram encontradas, indicando que a ictiofauna associada a cana-de-açúcar desta região não apresenta nenhuma singularidade. Apesar disso, os limiares de resposta das comunidades variaram em intensidade e sinal de acordo com a intensidade e o tipo de uso do solo, indicando que as espécies respondem de maneiras distintas aos diferentes tipos de manejo agrícola. Dessa forma, as informações trazidas aqui ampliam o conhecimento acerca da estruturação e resposta das comunidades em áreas com um longo histórico de uso agrícola, podendo contribuir para elaboração e aplicação de diretrizes que orientam as atividades de licenciamento ambiental.
The influence of human actions on Earth's ecosystems is increasingly significant and seeking sustainable solutions has become essential. Clean and renewable sources of energy are one of the options to reduce these impacts, which places bioenergy production in the spotlight on the world scenario. Understanding how the conversion and expansion of agricultural areas influence species distribution and diversity patterns is essential to guide management and conservation strategies. For that, a set of 149 streams distributed by the Western Plateau of São Paulo state, in Brazil, was used in order to characterize them and identify the main degradation factors, determine the spatial patterns of the ichthyofauna, on a local and regional scale (chapter 1), and evaluate the ecological thresholds. for fish communities in a gradient of land use in regions under strong agricultural influence (chapter 2), especially sugarcane industry. The structural component was evaluated with the application of the physical integrity index and most streams were classified between "very poor " and "regular", with factors related to the absence or low quality of riparian vegetation as the main factors of physical degradation. For the community composition, little or no influence of the drainage basin, fluvial hierarchy and seasonality were found, indicating that the ichthyofauna associated with sugarcane does not present any singularity. Despite this, the response thresholds of communities varied in intensity and signal according to the intensity and type of land use, indicating that species respond differently to different types of agricultural management. Thus, the information presented here expands the knowledge about the structuring and response of communities in areas with a long history of agricultural use and can contribute to the elaboration and application of guidelines that guide environmental licensing activities.
The influence of human actions on Earth's ecosystems is increasingly significant and seeking sustainable solutions has become essential. Clean and renewable sources of energy are one of the options to reduce these impacts, which places bioenergy production in the spotlight on the world scenario. Understanding how the conversion and expansion of agricultural areas influence species distribution and diversity patterns is essential to guide management and conservation strategies. For that, a set of 149 streams distributed by the Western Plateau of São Paulo state, in Brazil, was used in order to characterize them and identify the main degradation factors, determine the spatial patterns of the ichthyofauna, on a local and regional scale (chapter 1), and evaluate the ecological thresholds. for fish communities in a gradient of land use in regions under strong agricultural influence (chapter 2), especially sugarcane industry. The structural component was evaluated with the application of the physical integrity index and most streams were classified between "very poor " and "regular", with factors related to the absence or low quality of riparian vegetation as the main factors of physical degradation. For the community composition, little or no influence of the drainage basin, fluvial hierarchy and seasonality were found, indicating that the ichthyofauna associated with sugarcane does not present any singularity. Despite this, the response thresholds of communities varied in intensity and signal according to the intensity and type of land use, indicating that species respond differently to different types of agricultural management. Thus, the information presented here expands the knowledge about the structuring and response of communities in areas with a long history of agricultural use and can contribute to the elaboration and application of guidelines that guide environmental licensing activities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Peixes, Uso do solo, Limiares de mudança, Etanol, Conservação, Fish, Soil use, Ecological thresholds, Ethanol, Conservation