Alternativas de manejo de meloidogyne spp. na cultura da alface utilizando mamona
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Data
2020-12-08
Autores
Ferreira, Julio Cesar Antunes
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os nematoides parasitos de plantas destacam-se entre os principais agentes causadores de doenças das culturas. As espécies de Meloidogyne são considerados os mais destrutivos, devido ao seu hábito de parasitismo, alta reprodução em pouco tempo, ampla gama de hospedeiros e disseminação. Eles são ainda mais agressivos nas hortaliças, devido à falta de cultivares resistentes, de produtos comerciais registrados é baixa e/ou curta eficácia de controle desses nematoides. Estratégias de controle têm sido estudadas a fim de reduzir os impactos causados por nematoides fitoparasitas. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: Avaliar a resistência ou reação de cultivares de mamona a Meloidogyne spp. Redução da população de Meloidogyne spp. através da incorporação de parte aérea de mamona em campo, em casa de vegetação e em diferentes manejos em campo. A ação in vitro de extrato seco da parte aérea de mamona e derivado biodigerido na eclosão de Meloidogyne javanica. As cultivares de mamona se comportaram como suscetíveis a M. javanica e resistentes ou imunes a M. incognita e M. enterolobii. Todo o manejo realizado com incorporação de parte aérea de mamona reduziu a população de M. javanica, porém, o melhor controle foi com a incorporação após a realização da retirada das raízes da cultura anterior com irrigação (pousio úmido), também foi observado aumento da parte vegetativa na cultura de alface. As alternativas de manejo a campo reduziram a população de M. javanica, e no tratamento com incorporação da cultura anterior + pousio seco, foi encontrada a maior população de nematoides (NT = 1.995), ao contrário da técnica de realização da cultura anterior + pousio úmido, obteve-se NT = 543, no tratamento de retirada do sistema radicular da cultura anterior + pousio úmido + incorporação da parte vegetativa da mamona, além de reduzir a população de nematoides (NT = 348) e índices de galhas (IG = 1,3) e de ovo massas (IMO = 1,2), foi observado um aumento na parte vegetativa da cultura (MFPA = 445,4g). Todas as diluições de extrato de parte aérea de mamona inibiram a eclosão de ovos de M. javanica in vitro, exceto o controle. Portanto, as melhores doses variaram de 15 a 20 mL. Cultivares de mamona podem ser resistentes a algumas espécies de Meloidogyne e suscetíveis a outras. É importante saber quais espécies nematoides de galha estão presentes no campo para recomendar a melhor forma de usar esta planta.
Plant-parasites nematodes stand out among the main crop-disease agents. Meloidogyne spp. are considered the most destructive, due to their habit of parasitism and high reproduction in a short time. They are even more aggressive in vegetable crops, due to the lack of resistant cultivars and commercial products registered to control these nematodes. Control strategies have been studied in order to reduce the impacts caused by plant-parasites nematodes. This research aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of castor bean cultivars to Meloidogyne spp., the control of these nematodes by castor bean branches incorporation in soil in different doses on lettuce crop in greenhouse and in different managements in field, and the in vitro action of fresh and dried castor bean branches extract and castor bean branches bio digested derivative on hatching eggs of Meloidogyne javanica. The castor bean cultivars behaved as susceptible to M. javanica, in tests with 60 and 120 days, and resistant or immune to M. incognita and M. enterolobii. All management used with castor bean branch incorporation reduced the M. javanica population, although, the best one was the castor bean branches incorporation after the carrying out of the previous crop roots followed irrigation (wet fallow), reducing the nematode population, gall index (GI=1.3) and egg-mass index (EMI=1.2), an increase of lettuce grown was also observed. The alternatives of field management reduced the population of M. javanica, and in the treatment with incorporation of the previous culture + dry fallow, the largest nematode population was found (NT = 1.995), in contrast to the technique of carrying out the previous culture + wet fallow, NT = 543 was obtained, in the pullout treatment + wet fallow + incorporation of the vegetative part of the castor, in addition to reducing the nematode population (NT = 348) and gall indexes (IG = 1.3) and of egg masses (IMO = 1.2), an increase was observed in the vegetative part of the culture (MFPA = 445.4g). All dilutions of castor bean branches extract inhibited the hatching eggs of M. javanica in vitro, except the control. Therefore, the best doses ranged from 15 to 20 mL. Castor bean cultivars can resistante to some Meloidogyne species and susceptible to others. It is important to know which root-knot species are present in the field to recommend the best way to use this plant.
Plant-parasites nematodes stand out among the main crop-disease agents. Meloidogyne spp. are considered the most destructive, due to their habit of parasitism and high reproduction in a short time. They are even more aggressive in vegetable crops, due to the lack of resistant cultivars and commercial products registered to control these nematodes. Control strategies have been studied in order to reduce the impacts caused by plant-parasites nematodes. This research aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of castor bean cultivars to Meloidogyne spp., the control of these nematodes by castor bean branches incorporation in soil in different doses on lettuce crop in greenhouse and in different managements in field, and the in vitro action of fresh and dried castor bean branches extract and castor bean branches bio digested derivative on hatching eggs of Meloidogyne javanica. The castor bean cultivars behaved as susceptible to M. javanica, in tests with 60 and 120 days, and resistant or immune to M. incognita and M. enterolobii. All management used with castor bean branch incorporation reduced the M. javanica population, although, the best one was the castor bean branches incorporation after the carrying out of the previous crop roots followed irrigation (wet fallow), reducing the nematode population, gall index (GI=1.3) and egg-mass index (EMI=1.2), an increase of lettuce grown was also observed. The alternatives of field management reduced the population of M. javanica, and in the treatment with incorporation of the previous culture + dry fallow, the largest nematode population was found (NT = 1.995), in contrast to the technique of carrying out the previous culture + wet fallow, NT = 543 was obtained, in the pullout treatment + wet fallow + incorporation of the vegetative part of the castor, in addition to reducing the nematode population (NT = 348) and gall indexes (IG = 1.3) and of egg masses (IMO = 1.2), an increase was observed in the vegetative part of the culture (MFPA = 445.4g). All dilutions of castor bean branches extract inhibited the hatching eggs of M. javanica in vitro, except the control. Therefore, the best doses ranged from 15 to 20 mL. Castor bean cultivars can resistante to some Meloidogyne species and susceptible to others. It is important to know which root-knot species are present in the field to recommend the best way to use this plant.
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Palavras-chave
Suscetibilidade, Nematoide-de-galha, Matéria orgânica, Susceptibility, Root-knot nematode, Organic matte