Potencial de fitoterápicos, peptídeos antimicrobianos e combinação de antibióticos no tratamento de doenças bacterianas de peixes
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Data
2022-08-25
Autores
Assane, Inácio Mateus [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta Tese aborda a problemática da emergência de doenças bacterianas na piscicultura, num cenário de limitada disponibilidade de antimicrobianos eficazes. Os resultados são apresentados em cinco capítulos (manuscritos) que correspondem a seus objetivos. No primeiro manuscrito, são descritos surtos de doença bacterina emergente, em piscicultura e instalações laboratoriais, respectivamente; evidenciando a ineficácia terapêutica dos antimicrobianos aprovados para uso na piscicultura brasileira. O segundo manuscrito, descreve a diversidade genética, a virulência e o perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de uma das principais bactérias patogênicas (estreptococo do grupo B) da principal espécie de peixe cultivada no Brasil (tilápia-do-Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus). O terceiro e o quarto manuscrito, demonstram o potencial de peptídeos antimicrobianos sintéticos e óleos essenciais derivados de plantas, respectivamente; como uma alternativa aos antimicrobianos convencionais no controlo das principais doenças bacterianas de peixes cultivados em regiões tropicais; destacando sua síntese, composição química, citotoxicidade, atividade antimicrobiana e interação com antimicrobianos convencionais. No quinto capítulo, é descrita a farmacocinética da combinação de dois antimicrobianos convencionais (tianfenicol e florfenicol) em tilápia-do-Nilo. Os resultados obtidos indicam que novas opções terapêuticas eficazes contra doenças bacterianas são necessárias no Brasil e peptídeos antimicrobianos sintéticos, óleos essenciais derivados de plantas e terapia combinada têm potencial de contribuir para minimizar a problemática.
This thesis addresses the issue of the emergence of bacterial diseases in fish farming, in a scenario of limited availability of effective antimicrobials. The results are presented in five chapters (manuscripts) that correspond to the objectives. In the first manuscript, outbreaks of emerging bacterial disease are described in a fish farm and laboratory facility, respectively; denoting the ineffectiveness of antimicrobials approved for use in Brazilian fish farming. The second manuscript describes the genetic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profile of one of the main pathogenic bacteria (group B Streptococcus, GBS) of the main fish species cultivated in Brazil (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus). The third and fourth manuscripts describe the synthesis, chemical composition, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity of synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), plant-derived essential oils (EOs) and their combinations with conventional antimicrobials, respectively; highlighting their potential as an alternative to conventional antimicrobials against the main bacterial diseases of fish cultured in tropical regions. In the fifth manuscript, the pharmacokinetics of the combination of two conventional antimicrobials (thiamphenicol and florfenicol) in Nile tilapia is described. Our findings indicate that new effective therapeutic options against bacterial diseases are needed in Brazil and AMPs, EOs and combined therapy are good treatment options for bacterial diseases in aquaculture.
This thesis addresses the issue of the emergence of bacterial diseases in fish farming, in a scenario of limited availability of effective antimicrobials. The results are presented in five chapters (manuscripts) that correspond to the objectives. In the first manuscript, outbreaks of emerging bacterial disease are described in a fish farm and laboratory facility, respectively; denoting the ineffectiveness of antimicrobials approved for use in Brazilian fish farming. The second manuscript describes the genetic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profile of one of the main pathogenic bacteria (group B Streptococcus, GBS) of the main fish species cultivated in Brazil (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus). The third and fourth manuscripts describe the synthesis, chemical composition, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity of synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), plant-derived essential oils (EOs) and their combinations with conventional antimicrobials, respectively; highlighting their potential as an alternative to conventional antimicrobials against the main bacterial diseases of fish cultured in tropical regions. In the fifth manuscript, the pharmacokinetics of the combination of two conventional antimicrobials (thiamphenicol and florfenicol) in Nile tilapia is described. Our findings indicate that new effective therapeutic options against bacterial diseases are needed in Brazil and AMPs, EOs and combined therapy are good treatment options for bacterial diseases in aquaculture.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aquicultura, Agentes antimicrobianos, Resistência microbiana e medicamentos, Testes de sensibilidade bacteriana, Farmacocinética