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The Effects of Regular Cold-Water Immersion Use on Training-Induced Changes in Strength and Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

dc.contributor.authorMalta, Elvis S. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorDutra, Yago M. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorBroatch, James R.
dc.contributor.authorBishop, David J.
dc.contributor.authorZagatto, Alessandro M. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.contributor.institutionVictoria University
dc.contributor.institutionAustralia Institute of Sport
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-25T10:15:11Z
dc.date.available2021-06-25T10:15:11Z
dc.date.issued2021-01-01
dc.description.abstractBackground: Cold-water immersion (CWI) is one of the main recovery methods used in sports, and is commonly utilized as a means to expedite the recovery of performance during periods of exercise training. In recent decades, there have been indications that regular CWI use is potentially harmful to resistance training adaptations, and, conversely, potentially beneficial to endurance training adaptations. The current meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of the regular CWI use during exercise training on resistance (i.e., strength) and endurance (i.e., aerobic exercise) performance alterations. Methods: A computerized literature search was conducted, ending on November 25, 2019. The databases searched were MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus. The selected studies investigated the effects of chronic CWI interventions associated with resistance and endurance training sessions on exercise performance improvements. The criteria for inclusion of studies were: (1) being a controlled investigation; (2) conducted with humans; (3) CWI performed at ≤ 15 °C; (4) being associated with a regular training program; and (5) having performed baseline and post-training assessments. Results: Eight articles were included before the review process. A harmful effect of CWI associated with resistance training was verified for one-repetition maximum, maximum isometric strength, and strength endurance performance (overall standardized mean difference [SMD] = − 0.60; Confidence interval of 95% [CI95%] = − 0.87, − 0.33; p < 0.0001), as well as for Ballistic efforts performance (overall SMD = − 0.61; CI95% = − 1.11, − 0.11; p = 0.02). On the other hand, selected studies verified no effect of CWI associated with endurance training on time-trial (mean power), maximal aerobic power in graded exercise test performance (overall SMD = − 0.07; CI95% = − 0.54, 0.53; p = 0.71), or time-trial performance (duration) (overall SMD = 0.00; CI95% = − 0.58, 0.58; p = 1.00). Conclusions: The regular use of CWI associated with exercise programs has a deleterious effect on resistance training adaptations but does not appear to affect aerobic exercise performance. Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018098898. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].en
dc.description.affiliationLaboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance-LAFIDE Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences School of Sciences Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University-UNESP, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa
dc.description.affiliationInstitute for Health and Sport (iHeS) Victoria University
dc.description.affiliationAustralia Institute of Sport
dc.description.affiliationUnespLaboratory of Physiology and Sport Performance-LAFIDE Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences School of Sciences Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University-UNESP, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipIdFAPESP: 17/21724-8
dc.format.extent161-174
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01362-0
dc.identifier.citationSports Medicine, v. 51, n. 1, p. 161-174, 2021.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s40279-020-01362-0
dc.identifier.issn1179-2035
dc.identifier.issn0112-1642
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85095417183
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/205429
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofSports Medicine
dc.sourceScopus
dc.titleThe Effects of Regular Cold-Water Immersion Use on Training-Induced Changes in Strength and Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysisen
dc.typeResenha

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