Uso de lignina purificada na dieta de poedeiras comerciais criadas em diferentes sistemas e ambiente termo estressante
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2023-10-16
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Três experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de lignina purificada (LP) em galinhas poedeiras. O primeiro experimento (Exp. 1) teve como foco o desempenho, saúde intestinal, qualidade e tempo de prateleira dos ovos de galinhas criadas em sistema convencional. No segundo experimento (Exp. 2), foram analisadas a produção, qualidade de ovos, morfologia e saúde intestinal de poedeiras em sistema cage-free. E no terceiro experimento (Exp. 3), o objetivo foi avaliar a produtividade, qualidade de ovos e morfologia intestinal de poedeiras em sistema cage-free sob elevadas temperaturas. Foram utilizadas 240 galinhas da linhagem Hy-Line W-36 com idade entre 31 e 43 semanas no Exp. 1 e 300 galinhas, com idades entre 51 e 63 semanas no Exp. 2 e 63 a 66 semanas no Exp. 3. Os animais foram submetidos a cinco tratamentos no Exp. 1, com seis repetições contendo oito aves por gaiola. No Exp. 2 e 3, foram utilizados dois tratamentos, com três repetições e 50 aves por baia. No Exp. 1 os tratamentos consistiram em cinco dietas: uma dieta controle (DC) e quatro dietas testes suplementadas com LP nos níveis de 0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75% e 1%. Nos Exp. 2 e 3 foram utilizados dois tratamentos sendo uma DC, e adotou-se o nível de destaque do Exp. 1, que foi o nível de 1% de suplementação de LP. Exp.1: Os tratamentos apresentaram P<0,05 em vários parâmetros ao longo dos ciclos experimentais. Destacam-se as diferenças na produção, peso, massa dos ovos e consumo de ração em diferentes ciclos. A concentração de malondialdeído (MDA) variou significativamente, indicando a influência positiva da adição de LP na redução da oxidação lipídica na gema do ovo. Além disso, a qualidade dos ovos, medida pela espessura da casca e gravidade específica, também foi afetada pelos tratamentos. Exp. 2: Nos resultados relacionados aos parâmetros produtivos e de desempenho observou-se que os tratamentos exibiram P<0,05 ao longo dos ciclos experimentais, impactando a produção, massa e peso dos ovos, bem como a proporção de ovos postos dentro e fora dos ninhos. Em relação aos parâmetros de qualidade dos ovos, os tratamentos também apresentaram P<0,05 ao longo dos ciclos experimentais, particularmente quanto à gravidade específica e espessura da casca. Notavelmente, a concentração de MDA demonstrou P<0,05 em todas as semanas experimentais. Nas análises relacionadas à morfologia e saúde intestinal, observaram-se P<0,05 no peso do baço e do jejuno, além do tamanho dos vilos presentes no jejuno. Entretanto, não se constatou efeito significativo nos níveis de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) em virtude da suplementação de LP. Exp. 3: Nos parâmetros produtivos e de desempenho, os tratamentos mostraram P<0,05. A suplementação de LP teve impactos negativos na conversão alimentar e na proporção de ovos postos dentro e fora dos ninhos. Quanto aos parâmetros de qualidade dos ovos, houve P<0,05, a suplementação de LP aumentou a porcentagem de casca, mas reduziu a porcentagem de gema. A concentração de MDA apresentou P<0,05 durante um estresse agudo de calor. No entanto, não foi observado efeito (P>0,05) quando a exposição a altas temperaturas foi prolongada. Nas análises referentes à morfologia e saúde intestinal, notaram-se P<0,05 no comprimento dos vilos do duodeno. Entretanto, não se constatou efeito significativo nos níveis dos AGCC e nas análises dos órgãos internos devido a suplementação de LP. Conclui-se que, em um sistema criação convencional, a dosagem de 1% de LP foi segura e não afetou o desempenho das poedeiras. No entanto, no sistema cage-free, a inclusão de 1% de LP na dieta de galinhas resultou em desempenho inferior quando comparado ao DC. Contudo, sob condições de elevadas temperaturas ambientais, a suplementação de 1% de LP na dieta de galinhas em sistema cage-free, não afetou o desempenho das poedeiras. Porém, em ambos os sistemas de criação e condições ambientais foi observada melhora na qualidade dos ovos, devido ao seu efeito antioxidante, sem impacto na morfologia e histologia intestinal das galinhas.
Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of purified lignin (PL) levels in laying hens. The first experiment (Exp. 1) focused on the performance, intestinal morphology, quality, and shelf life of eggs from hens raised in a conventional system. In the second experiment (Exp. 2), production, egg quality, intestinal morphology, and histology of laying hens in a cage-free system were analyzed. The third experiment (Exp. 3), the objective was to evaluate productivity, egg quality and intestinal morphology and histology of layers in a cage-free system under high temperatures. 240 Hy-Line W-36 hens aged between 31 and 43 weeks were used in Exp. 1 and 300 hens aged between 51 and 63 weeks in Exp. 2 and 63 to 66 weeks in Exp. 3. The hens were subjected to five treatments in Exp. 1, with six replications containing eight birds per cage. In Exp. 2 and 3, two treatments were used, with three replications and 50 birds per pen. In Exp. 1, treatments consisted of five diets: a control diet (CD) and four test diets supplemented with PL at levels of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%. In Exp. 2 and 3, two treatments were used, one DC, and the highlighted level of Exp. 1 was adopted, which was the 1% level of PL supplementation. Exp.1: The treatments showed P<0.05 in various parameters throughout the experimental cycles. Differences in production, weight, egg mass and feed intake in different cycles are highlighted. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) varied significantly, indicating the positive influence of PL addition on reducing lipid oxidation in egg yolk. Furthermore, egg quality, measured by shell thickness and specific gravity, was also affected by treatments. Exp. 2: In the results related to production and performance parameters, it was observed that the treatments exhibited P<0.05 throughout the experimental cycles, impacting the production, mass, and weight of eggs, as well as the proportion of eggs laid inside and outside the nests. In relation to egg quality parameters, treatments also showed P<0.05 throughout the experimental cycles, particularly regarding specific gravity and shell thickness. Notably, MDA concentration demonstrated P<0.05 in all experimental weeks. In analyzes related to intestinal morphology and histology, P<0.05 were observed in the weight of the spleen and jejunum, in addition to the size of the villi present in the jejunum. However, there was no effect on the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) due to PL supplementation. Exp. 3: In productive and performance parameters, the treatments showed differences (P<0.05). PL supplementation had negative impacts on feed conversion ration and the proportion of eggs laid inside and outside the nests. Regarding egg quality parameters, there were variations (P<0.05). PL supplementation increased the percentage of shell but reduced the percentage of yolk. MDA concentration showed differences (P<0.05) during acute heat stress. Though no effect was observed (P>0.05) when exposure to high temperatures was prolonged. In the analyzes regarding morphology and histology intestinal, differences (P<0.05) were noted in the length of the Duodenum villi. However, no effect was found on SCFA levels and internal organ analyzes due to PL supplementation. In conclusion, in a conventional breeding system, the dosage of 1% PL was safe and did not affect the performance of the layers. Though, in the cage-free system, the inclusion of 1% PL in the hens diet resulted in lower performance when compared to DC. Nonetheless, under conditions of high environmental temperatures, supplementation of 1% PL in the diet of hens in a cage-free system did not affect the performance of the layers. Conversely, in both breeding systems and environmental conditions, an improvement in egg quality was observed, due to its antioxidant effect, without impact on the intestinal morphology and histology intestinal of the hens.
Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of purified lignin (PL) levels in laying hens. The first experiment (Exp. 1) focused on the performance, intestinal morphology, quality, and shelf life of eggs from hens raised in a conventional system. In the second experiment (Exp. 2), production, egg quality, intestinal morphology, and histology of laying hens in a cage-free system were analyzed. The third experiment (Exp. 3), the objective was to evaluate productivity, egg quality and intestinal morphology and histology of layers in a cage-free system under high temperatures. 240 Hy-Line W-36 hens aged between 31 and 43 weeks were used in Exp. 1 and 300 hens aged between 51 and 63 weeks in Exp. 2 and 63 to 66 weeks in Exp. 3. The hens were subjected to five treatments in Exp. 1, with six replications containing eight birds per cage. In Exp. 2 and 3, two treatments were used, with three replications and 50 birds per pen. In Exp. 1, treatments consisted of five diets: a control diet (CD) and four test diets supplemented with PL at levels of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%. In Exp. 2 and 3, two treatments were used, one DC, and the highlighted level of Exp. 1 was adopted, which was the 1% level of PL supplementation. Exp.1: The treatments showed P<0.05 in various parameters throughout the experimental cycles. Differences in production, weight, egg mass and feed intake in different cycles are highlighted. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) varied significantly, indicating the positive influence of PL addition on reducing lipid oxidation in egg yolk. Furthermore, egg quality, measured by shell thickness and specific gravity, was also affected by treatments. Exp. 2: In the results related to production and performance parameters, it was observed that the treatments exhibited P<0.05 throughout the experimental cycles, impacting the production, mass, and weight of eggs, as well as the proportion of eggs laid inside and outside the nests. In relation to egg quality parameters, treatments also showed P<0.05 throughout the experimental cycles, particularly regarding specific gravity and shell thickness. Notably, MDA concentration demonstrated P<0.05 in all experimental weeks. In analyzes related to intestinal morphology and histology, P<0.05 were observed in the weight of the spleen and jejunum, in addition to the size of the villi present in the jejunum. However, there was no effect on the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) due to PL supplementation. Exp. 3: In productive and performance parameters, the treatments showed differences (P<0.05). PL supplementation had negative impacts on feed conversion ration and the proportion of eggs laid inside and outside the nests. Regarding egg quality parameters, there were variations (P<0.05). PL supplementation increased the percentage of shell but reduced the percentage of yolk. MDA concentration showed differences (P<0.05) during acute heat stress. Though no effect was observed (P>0.05) when exposure to high temperatures was prolonged. In the analyzes regarding morphology and histology intestinal, differences (P<0.05) were noted in the length of the Duodenum villi. However, no effect was found on SCFA levels and internal organ analyzes due to PL supplementation. In conclusion, in a conventional breeding system, the dosage of 1% PL was safe and did not affect the performance of the layers. Though, in the cage-free system, the inclusion of 1% PL in the hens diet resulted in lower performance when compared to DC. Nonetheless, under conditions of high environmental temperatures, supplementation of 1% PL in the diet of hens in a cage-free system did not affect the performance of the layers. Conversely, in both breeding systems and environmental conditions, an improvement in egg quality was observed, due to its antioxidant effect, without impact on the intestinal morphology and histology intestinal of the hens.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Antioxidante, Sistemas de criação, Qualidade de ovo, Tempo de prateleira, Ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, Antioxidant, Breeding systems, Egg quality, Shelf life, Short chain fatty acids
Como citar
OLIVEIRA, A. B. S. Uso de lignina purificada na dieta de poedeiras comerciais criadas em diferentes sistemas e ambiente termo estressante. 2023. Tese (Doutorado em Zootecnia) - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, 2023.