Diabetes distress e atividade física no tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 1: revisão integrativa
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Data
2023-05-02
Autores
Magalhães, Larissa Carvalho
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) é uma doença crônica, autoimune, caracterizada pelo aumento dos níveis de glicose, que necessita de tratamento através de insulina, alimentação adequada, atividade física (AF) e suporte psicológico. Conviver com essa doença crônica requer recursos, autoconhecimento, habilidades técnicas, disposição física e resiliência para lidar com o estresse físico e emocional (Diabetes Distress - DD e Diabetes Burnout - DB) ao longo da vida. Profissionais da saúde e pesquisadores buscam soluções para lidar com o DD e melhorar a qualidade de vida (QV) dessa população. Considerando a dificuldade e a importância do gerenciamento do DD para o bem-estar dessas pessoas, o objetivo geral da pesquisa foi apresentar como a AF (entendida como um dos pilares do tratamento) é considerada nos estudos sobre bem-estar e DD, no contexto da DM1. Através de Revisão Integrativa analisamos os modos como a AF é abordada nos estudos e ampliamos a compreensão dos termos DD e DB. Foram analisados 30 estudos selecionados nas bases de dados Web of Science, Pubmed e Scopus. Os termos DD e DB compartilham semelhanças, mas representam conceitos distintos. Nenhum estudo considerou percepções individuais da prática de AF, tais como: o tipo de atividade, motivação, sensação de prazer, afetividade e socialização. A AF é explorada de maneira superficial, interpretada como um dos marcadores de adesão ao tratamento, sendo desconsiderados seus aspectos psicossociais e variados contextos. As diferentes tecnologias facilitam a convivência com a doença, mas não melhoram significativamente os níveis de DD. Já a qualidade do Apoio Social presente na vida da pessoa em tratamento do DM1 parece influenciar significativamente os níveis de DD.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) is a chronic, autoimmune disease, characterized by increased glucose levels, which requires treatment through insulin, proper nutrition, physical activity (PA) and psychological support. Living with this chronic disease requires resources, self-knowledge, technical skills, physical disposition and resilience to deal with physical and emotional stress (Distress Distress - DD and Diabetes Burnout - BD) throughout life. Health professionals and researchers seek solutions to deal with DD and improve the quality of life (QoL) of this population. Considering the difficulty and importance of managing DD for the well-being of these people, the general objective of the research was to present how PA (understood as one of the pillars of treatment) is considered in studies on well-being and DD, in the context of DM1. Through an Integrative Review, we analyzed the ways in which PA is addressed in studies and expanded the understanding of the terms DD and BD. Thirty studies selected from the Web of Science, Pubmed and Scopus databases were analyzed. The terms DD and DB share similarities but represent distinct concepts. No study considered individual perceptions of the practice of PA, such as: the type of activity, motivation, feeling of pleasure, affectivity and socialization. PA is superficially explored, interpreted as one of the markers of adherence to treatment, its psychosocial aspects and varied contexts being disregarded. Different technologies facilitate living with the disease, but do not significantly improve DD levels. The quality of Social Support present in the life of the person being treated for DM1 seems to significantly influence the levels of DD.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) is a chronic, autoimmune disease, characterized by increased glucose levels, which requires treatment through insulin, proper nutrition, physical activity (PA) and psychological support. Living with this chronic disease requires resources, self-knowledge, technical skills, physical disposition and resilience to deal with physical and emotional stress (Distress Distress - DD and Diabetes Burnout - BD) throughout life. Health professionals and researchers seek solutions to deal with DD and improve the quality of life (QoL) of this population. Considering the difficulty and importance of managing DD for the well-being of these people, the general objective of the research was to present how PA (understood as one of the pillars of treatment) is considered in studies on well-being and DD, in the context of DM1. Through an Integrative Review, we analyzed the ways in which PA is addressed in studies and expanded the understanding of the terms DD and BD. Thirty studies selected from the Web of Science, Pubmed and Scopus databases were analyzed. The terms DD and DB share similarities but represent distinct concepts. No study considered individual perceptions of the practice of PA, such as: the type of activity, motivation, feeling of pleasure, affectivity and socialization. PA is superficially explored, interpreted as one of the markers of adherence to treatment, its psychosocial aspects and varied contexts being disregarded. Different technologies facilitate living with the disease, but do not significantly improve DD levels. The quality of Social Support present in the life of the person being treated for DM1 seems to significantly influence the levels of DD.
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Palavras-chave
Diabetes mellitus tipo 1, Diabetes distress, Atividade física, Desenvolvimento humano e tecnologias, Formação profissional, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Physical activity, Human development and technologies, Professional performance