Post-operative pain behaviour associated with surgical castration in donkeys (Equus asinus)

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dc.contributor.authorde Oliveira, Maria Gláucia Carlos
dc.contributor.authorLuna, Stelio P. L. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorNunes, Talyta Lins
dc.contributor.authorFirmino, Paulo R.
dc.contributor.authorde Lima, Amara Gyane A.
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Josiel
dc.contributor.authorTrindade, Pedro H. E. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorJúnior, Raimundo A. B.
dc.contributor.authorde Paula, Valéria Veras
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)
dc.date.accessioned2020-12-12T01:30:08Z
dc.date.available2020-12-12T01:30:08Z
dc.date.issued2020-01-01
dc.description.abstractBackground: Recognising pain in donkeys is challenging because they are stoic. Objectives: To identify the responses of donkeys before and after surgical pain. Study design: Prospective, short-term longitudinal pre- and post-intervention observations. Methods: Forty adult donkeys underwent surgical castration after sedation with intravenous (IV) xylazine, induction with guaiphenesin/thiopental IV and maintenance of anaesthesia with isoflurane and local anaesthetic blockade. Four hours after recovery from anaesthesia, flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg/kg, dipyrone 10 mg/kg and morphine 0.2 mg/kg IV were administered. Behavioural responses exhibited by the animals housed in individual stalls were recorded in four 30-min videos: before castration (M0), and 3.5-4.0 hours (M1), 5.5-6.0 hours (M2) and 23.5-24.0 hours after recovery from anaesthesia (M3). To exclude the influence of insects, the behaviour of six apparently pain-free donkeys was compared with and without the presence of faeces and urine in the stall. Results: When compared with presurgical baseline behaviours (M0), after surgery (M1) donkeys raised their pelvic limbs more (P =.003). When compared with M1, after analgesia (M2), the median frequencies of ear movements (44 vs 16; P <.001), head shaking (7 vs 1; P <.001), head turning (5 vs 0; P <.001) and lifting of the both limbs (7 vs 0; P =.008) decreased; feeding (0 vs 29; P <.001) and water intake (0 vs 0, range 0-1 vs 0-7; P =.05) increased. The dirty stall increased tail (53 vs 80; P =.03), head (16 vs 30; P =.03) and ear movements (50 vs 78; P =.04). Main limitations: The dirty stall and presence of insects possibly contributed to the expression of behaviours unrelated to pain. Conclusion: Lifting the pelvic limbs was the only specific pain behaviour after castration in donkeys. Analgesia restored appetite and water intake and reduced the frequency of head shaking and turning, ear movement and lifting the limbs. Tail, head and ear movements are unspecific responses related both to pain and a dirty stall, and are confounding factors when pain is assessed in donkeys in the presence of insects.en
dc.description.affiliationUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA)
dc.description.affiliationSão Paulo State University (Unesp)
dc.description.affiliationBahia Federal University (UFBA)
dc.description.affiliationUnespSão Paulo State University (Unesp)
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evj.13306
dc.identifier.citationEquine Veterinary Journal.
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/evj.13306
dc.identifier.issn2042-3306
dc.identifier.issn0425-1644
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85087614771
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/199078
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofEquine Veterinary Journal
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectanalgesia
dc.subjectcastration
dc.subjectdonkeys
dc.subjecthorse
dc.subjectwell-being
dc.titlePost-operative pain behaviour associated with surgical castration in donkeys (Equus asinus)en
dc.typeArtigo
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-2929-9590[1]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0001-5312-9076[2]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-1915-7767[3]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-8651-7312[4]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0003-3446-0454[5]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-5927-0545[6]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-8522-5553[7]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-9416-6129[8]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0003-4292-4861[9]

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