Biocompatibility and immunohistochemical evaluation of a new calcium silicate-based cement, Bio-C Pulpo

Aim: To evaluate the inflammatory response and ability to induce mineral deposition through histological and immunohistochemical analysis for osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) of a new calcium silicate-based cement, Bio-C Pulpo (Angelus), compared to white mineral trioxide aggregate (White MTA-Ang) (Angelus). Methodology: Polyethylene tubes containing Bio-C Pulpo and White MTA-Ang as well as empty tubes were implanted into the dorsal connective tissue of 30 Wistar rats, which were arranged in five groups according to the period of analysis: 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. After each experimental period, the tubes with surrounding tissue were removed and histologically processed to be analysed using haematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemistry for the detection of OCN, OPN and BSP. The data were statistically analysed (Friedman's test) at a 5% significance level. Results: The inflammatory response observed with Bio-C Pulpo and White MTA-Ang was greater after 7 and 15 days and decreased from 30 days onwards. No significant difference was found between the control, Bio-C Pulpo and White MTA-Ang at the different periods of analysis (P > 0.05). The immunolabelling for OCN, OPN and BSP was more intense for Bio-C Pulpo and White MTA-Ang after 60 and 90 days, but there was no difference between Bio-C Pulpo and White MTA-Ang at the different periods of analysis (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Bio-C Pulpo is biocompatible and induces immunolabelling of osteogenic markers such as OCN, OPN and BSP similar to White MTA-Ang.