Desenvolvimento e avaliação de pulverizador florestal com detecção eletrônica de plantas daninhas e aplicação em doses variáveis
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Data
2005-06-21
Autores
Queiroz, Carolina Aparecida de Souza [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As florestas plantadas de eucalipto no Brasil representam grande importância ambiental, social e econômica, além de possuírem o maior potencial de produção florestal do mundo. Contudo, em meio aos tratos culturais dessas florestas, as aplicações de herbicida ainda apresentam-se pouco desenvolvidas em relação ao manejo de plantas daninhas nos plantios, principalmente no que diz respeito à quantidade de herbicida que é aplicada para efetivo controle das infestações. Logo, visando trazer benefícios à tecnologia de aplicação de herbicida no setor florestal, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: (i) desenvolver e avaliar um pulverizador destinado à aplicação de herbicidas em florestas plantadas de eucalipto, capaz de efetuar aplicação de dose variada em tempo real, proporcionada por um sistema eletrônico de controle comandado por sensores ópticos (Weedseeker ); (ii) avaliar um sistema alternativo de detecção de plantas daninhas por meio de análise de imagens. O pulverizador desenvolvido foi constituído por duas barras aplicadoras que proporcionam o fracionamento da dose de herbicida, sendo uma munida de seis sensores e válvulas solenóides que possibilitam a aplicação localizada, realizada de maneira independente por 6 pontas de pulverização, e outra dotada de quatro pontas que são utilizadas para a aplicação de doses constantes em 100% da área. Em relação ao pulverizador desenvolvido foram avaliados, em comparação a um pulverizador de barra compacta protegida convencional, dados de consumo de calda, controle de plantas daninhas utilizando-se diferentes fracionamentos de dose de herbicida, dados referentes a funcionalidade a campo, resistência estrutural, desempenho operacional e custos das pulverizações. Em relação ao sistema alternativo de detecção de plantas daninhas por análise de imagens, foram avaliados dados...
The Brazilian planted forests of Eucalyptus represent great environmental, social and economic importance, besides having the greatest potential of production in the world. However, among the maintenance activities of these forests, the herbicide application is an activity not very developed, mainly about the right amount of herbicide to apply. Therefore, aiming to obtain benefits to application technology of herbicides in forestry, this study had as objectives: (i) to develop and to evaluate a sprayer destined to the commercial application of herbicides in planted forests of Eucalyptus, able to apply on line variable rate provided by a sensor system, assigned optic sensor (Weedseeker ); (ii) to evaluate an alternative system of weed detection based on image analysis. The developed sprayer is constituted by two booms that provide the variable dose application. One of them armed of six sensors and solenoids valves that permit the site-specific application by each nozzle and the other one armed of four nozzles that are used to the application of constant dose on 100% of the applied area. In relation to the developed sprayer it was evaluated in comparison to a conventional sprayer, data of mixture amount spent, weed control at variable doses application, structural functionality, structural resistance, working performance and costs of the herbicide application. The referring tests to the image sensor system, it was evaluated data that represent the capacity of the system in detecting plants with different foliage area and architecture of leaves in three different surfaces. The results showed that the developed sprayer provided 24,1% of herbicide economy without reducing the weed control. The new structure of the sprayer became adapted to the conditions of planted forests of Eucalyptus and the profit, in comparison to the conventional sprayer, was obtained... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
The Brazilian planted forests of Eucalyptus represent great environmental, social and economic importance, besides having the greatest potential of production in the world. However, among the maintenance activities of these forests, the herbicide application is an activity not very developed, mainly about the right amount of herbicide to apply. Therefore, aiming to obtain benefits to application technology of herbicides in forestry, this study had as objectives: (i) to develop and to evaluate a sprayer destined to the commercial application of herbicides in planted forests of Eucalyptus, able to apply on line variable rate provided by a sensor system, assigned optic sensor (Weedseeker ); (ii) to evaluate an alternative system of weed detection based on image analysis. The developed sprayer is constituted by two booms that provide the variable dose application. One of them armed of six sensors and solenoids valves that permit the site-specific application by each nozzle and the other one armed of four nozzles that are used to the application of constant dose on 100% of the applied area. In relation to the developed sprayer it was evaluated in comparison to a conventional sprayer, data of mixture amount spent, weed control at variable doses application, structural functionality, structural resistance, working performance and costs of the herbicide application. The referring tests to the image sensor system, it was evaluated data that represent the capacity of the system in detecting plants with different foliage area and architecture of leaves in three different surfaces. The results showed that the developed sprayer provided 24,1% of herbicide economy without reducing the weed control. The new structure of the sprayer became adapted to the conditions of planted forests of Eucalyptus and the profit, in comparison to the conventional sprayer, was obtained... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Detectores, Herbicidas, Florestamento, System sensors, Herbicide, Planted forest of Eucalyptus
Como citar
QUEIROZ, Carolina Aparecida de Souza. Desenvolvimento e avaliação de pulverizador florestal com detecção eletrônica de plantas daninhas e aplicação em doses variáveis. 2005. ii, 88 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2005.