Avaliação técnica de tubos emissores para irrigação localizada
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Data
2006-02-03
Autores
Baca Garcia, Carlos Jesus [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o desenvolvimento da tecnologia dos plásticos, tornou-se possível à construção de tubos emissores, com padrão de qualidade, a custos relativamente baixos. O emprego da irrigação localizada, pelo sistema de gotejamento, ganhou no Brasil novo impulso a partir dos anos 90, com a instalação de diversas empresas internacionais especializadas neste mercado. As empresas mais importantes do mundo se fazem presente no Brasil e algumas multinacionais estão produzindo aqui parte de sua linha de produção, como: Netafim, Plastro, Amanco, NaanDan e como empresa brasileira fabricante, existe a Petroisa. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar e avaliar de forma técnica e hidráulica alguns tubos emissores para gotejamento, comercializados no mercado brasileiro de acordo com as normas ISO 8796:2004 e ISO 9261:2004. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Irrigação do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - Campus de Botucatu, São Paulo. A norma ISO 9261:2004 prescreve critérios para avaliar e especificar gotejadores com vazão inferior a 24 L h-1 e tem por característica principal, a flexibilidade para adaptar economicamente qualquer laboratório de irrigação, porque não especifica as características da bancada de ensaios. 2 Os ensaios visaram à determinação dos seguintes parâmetros: Coeficiente de variação de fabricação, equação característica da relação entre pressão e vazão, espessura da parede, diâmetro interno, espaçamento entre emissores, resistência à pressão hidráulica à temperatura ambiente e à temperatura de 40oC, resistência à tensão de 160 N e 180 N, e ensaio de envelhecimento precoce. As análises mostraram um coeficiente de variação de fabricação (CVf) inferior a 0,07 para todos os tubos emissores... .
With the domain of the technology of plastics, it became possible to manufacture quality emitting pipes standard, at relatively low costs. Trickle irrigation method, using emitting pipes, gained in impulse Brazil during last decade 90, with the installation of several specialized international industries. Multinationals industries such as Netafim, Plastro, Amanco, NaanDan and a Brazilian manufacturer, Petroisa are producing here part of its line of production. This work had the objective, to characterize and evaluate emitting pipes, commercialized in Brazil according to ISO 8796 and ISO 9261:2004 standards. The 4 tests were conducted in the Laboratory of Irrigation of the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The following parameters were evaluated: manufacturing variation, pressure and discharge equation, thickness of the wall, internal diameter, emitters spacing, resistance to the hydraulic pressure at the current temperature and at raised temperature (40oC), resistance to the 160 tension and 180 N, and precocious aging. The analyses had shown manufacturing coefficients of variation below 0,07 for all the emitting pipes, (maximum value allowed by ISO 9261:2004) standard. The exponents of pressure (x), in the pressure discharge e friction were of 0.431, 0.502, 0.450, 0.575, 0.533, 0.480, 0.470 for Petro Drip, Golden Drip, Chapin, Queen Gil, Aqua Traxx, Tiran and Amanco Drip, emitters respectively, classifying them as not compensating. For ISO 9261:2004, the value of x should not exceed 0.2 to be classified as compensating. The evaluated emitters (Ram, Naan PC, Amanco Drip PC and Twin Plus) had values lesser than 0,075. The test of resistance to the tension, as ISO 9261:2004 is a useful tool to classify an emitting in reusable and not reusable pipe. Aqua Traxx emitter was classified as not reusable. It presented probably... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
With the domain of the technology of plastics, it became possible to manufacture quality emitting pipes standard, at relatively low costs. Trickle irrigation method, using emitting pipes, gained in impulse Brazil during last decade 90, with the installation of several specialized international industries. Multinationals industries such as Netafim, Plastro, Amanco, NaanDan and a Brazilian manufacturer, Petroisa are producing here part of its line of production. This work had the objective, to characterize and evaluate emitting pipes, commercialized in Brazil according to ISO 8796 and ISO 9261:2004 standards. The 4 tests were conducted in the Laboratory of Irrigation of the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. The following parameters were evaluated: manufacturing variation, pressure and discharge equation, thickness of the wall, internal diameter, emitters spacing, resistance to the hydraulic pressure at the current temperature and at raised temperature (40oC), resistance to the 160 tension and 180 N, and precocious aging. The analyses had shown manufacturing coefficients of variation below 0,07 for all the emitting pipes, (maximum value allowed by ISO 9261:2004) standard. The exponents of pressure (x), in the pressure discharge e friction were of 0.431, 0.502, 0.450, 0.575, 0.533, 0.480, 0.470 for Petro Drip, Golden Drip, Chapin, Queen Gil, Aqua Traxx, Tiran and Amanco Drip, emitters respectively, classifying them as not compensating. For ISO 9261:2004, the value of x should not exceed 0.2 to be classified as compensating. The evaluated emitters (Ram, Naan PC, Amanco Drip PC and Twin Plus) had values lesser than 0,075. The test of resistance to the tension, as ISO 9261:2004 is a useful tool to classify an emitting in reusable and not reusable pipe. Aqua Traxx emitter was classified as not reusable. It presented probably... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Irrigação, Irrigação localizada, Tubos emissores - Avaliação, ISO 8796, ISO 9261, Trickle irrigation, Emitting pipes, Evaluation of emitting pipes
Como citar
BACA GARCIA, Carlos Jesus. Avaliação técnica de tubos emissores para irrigação localizada. 2006. xii, 63 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2006.