Análise biomecânica de próteses unitárias sobre implante cone Morse em região pré-maxilar variando-se o tamanho do implante e tipo de ancoragem óssea: estudo pelo método dos elementos finitos 3-D
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Data
2017-03-08
Autores
Oliveira, Hiskell Francine Fernandes e [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição das tensões em próteses unitárias implantossuportadas de cone morse, em região de maxila anterior, variando o tipo de ancoragem óssea em colocação convencional, bicorticalizado e bicorticalizado com levantamento de assoalho nasal, com diferentes comprimentos do implante, sendo eles de 8,5, 10 e 11,5mm e diâmetro de 4,0 mm, através do método dos elementos finitos tridimensionais. Foram simulados 3 modelos tridimensionais maxilares da região anterior envolvendo o elemento 11, com auxílio de programas de criação de modelos a partir de tomografias, o InVesalius (CTI, São Paulo, Brasil) e programas de desenho assistido, o Rhinoceros 3D 4.0 (NURBS Modeling for Windows, USA) e o SolidWorks 2011 (SolidWorks Corp, USA). Os modelos dos blocos ósseos foram reconstruídos a partir da tomografia computadorizada, com a presença de um implante nas dimensões citadas acima, com coroa livres de metal em zircônia e cimentadas. Os modelos 3D foram exportados para o programa de elementos finitos FEMAP v.11 (Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc.USA) para discretização dos modelos, geração da malha de elementos finitos e análise posterior a processamento no programa NEiNastran 11 (Noran Engineering, Inc., USA). Foram aplicadas cargas de 178N, em ângulo de 0o, 30o e 60o, considerando-se o longo eixo do implante como referência. Os resultados foram visualizados por meio de mapas de deslocamento, tensão de von Mises, tensão Máxima Principal e microdeformação. Diante da análise de todos os mapas de tensões, os modelos bicorticais foram os que se mostraram com melhores distribuições de tensões e deformações, tanto no implante, quanto na cortical óssea onde foram travados os implantes. Os modelos simulando a técnica de levantamento de assoalho, se mostraram  semelhante ao bicortical, sendo a técnica convencional a que mostrou distribuição inferior quando comparado aos demais. Dentro das limitações deste estudo, podemos concluir que: o carregamento oblíquo gera maior estresse e deformação tanto para o implante quanto para o tecido ósseo; a técnica de implantação bicortical (associada ou não a levantamento nasal) foi mais favorável para distribuição de tensões e deformações, principalmente no tecido ósseo.
The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of tensions in morse tapper implants supporting single crowns in the anterior region of maxilla, varying the type of bone anchorage in conventional, bicorticalized and bicorticalized placement with nasal floor elevation, and different lengths of implants (8.5, 10 and 11.5mm) with 4.0 mm of diameter, using the 3D finite element analyses. Three 3-dimensional maxillary models of the anterior region including element #11 were simulated using software InVesalius for CT Scan recomposition (CTI, São Paulo, Brazil) and CAD-software Rhinoceros 3D 4.0 (NURBS Modeling For Windows, USA) and SolidWorks 2011 (SolidWorks Corp, USA). The bone block models were reconstructed from the computed tomography, with the presence of an implant in the dimensions mentioned above, with cemented zirconium metal free crowns. The 3D models were exported to the FEMAP v.11 finite element software (Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc.) for models discretizadion, mesh generation and post-processing analysis after processing progress in the NEiNastran 11 program (Noran Engineering, Inc ., USA). Loads of 178N were applied at angle of 0º, 30º and 60º, considering the implant long axis as reference. The results were visualized by means of displacement maps, von Mises maps, Max Principal maps and microstrain. Analyzing all stress maps, the bicortical models were the ones that showed with better stress and strain distributions, both in the implant as to the cortical bone where the implants were locked. The models simulating the technique of nasal floor elevation were similar to the bicortical one, being the conventional technique the one that showed more unfavorable stress distribution. Within this study limitation it was possible to conclude that: oblique loading showed better stress and strain distribution for the implant and bone tissue; bicortical techniques (associated or not with nasal floor elevation) were more favorable to stress and strain distribution, mainly for bone tissue.
The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of tensions in morse tapper implants supporting single crowns in the anterior region of maxilla, varying the type of bone anchorage in conventional, bicorticalized and bicorticalized placement with nasal floor elevation, and different lengths of implants (8.5, 10 and 11.5mm) with 4.0 mm of diameter, using the 3D finite element analyses. Three 3-dimensional maxillary models of the anterior region including element #11 were simulated using software InVesalius for CT Scan recomposition (CTI, São Paulo, Brazil) and CAD-software Rhinoceros 3D 4.0 (NURBS Modeling For Windows, USA) and SolidWorks 2011 (SolidWorks Corp, USA). The bone block models were reconstructed from the computed tomography, with the presence of an implant in the dimensions mentioned above, with cemented zirconium metal free crowns. The 3D models were exported to the FEMAP v.11 finite element software (Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Software Inc.) for models discretizadion, mesh generation and post-processing analysis after processing progress in the NEiNastran 11 program (Noran Engineering, Inc ., USA). Loads of 178N were applied at angle of 0º, 30º and 60º, considering the implant long axis as reference. The results were visualized by means of displacement maps, von Mises maps, Max Principal maps and microstrain. Analyzing all stress maps, the bicortical models were the ones that showed with better stress and strain distributions, both in the implant as to the cortical bone where the implants were locked. The models simulating the technique of nasal floor elevation were similar to the bicortical one, being the conventional technique the one that showed more unfavorable stress distribution. Within this study limitation it was possible to conclude that: oblique loading showed better stress and strain distribution for the implant and bone tissue; bicortical techniques (associated or not with nasal floor elevation) were more favorable to stress and strain distribution, mainly for bone tissue.
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Palavras-chave
Implante dentário, Análise de elementos finitos, Tecido ósseo