O trabalho na promoção do desenvolvimento humano a partir da percepção da pessoa com deficiência intelectual
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Data
2018-02-21
Autores
Alves, Ana Paula Ribeiro [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A inserção profissional de pessoas com deficiência intelectual tem sido marcada por contradições e desafios por tratar-se de uma temática recente, gerando dúvidas e anseios, daqueles que contratam, dos responsáveis pela formação e capacitação, bem como dos próprios sujeitos. Tendo em vista superar o histórico período em que este público foi excluído das atividades laborais, foram criadas medidas de ações afirmativas que asseguram a capacitação profissional e o acesso às empresas públicas e privadas, com destaque para a Lei de Cotas, que obriga empresas a partir de 100 funcionários a reservarem vagas às pessoas com deficiência. No entanto, apenas pequena parcela desta população, menos de 1%, tem vínculo formal de trabalho, e destes, o número é ainda menor quando se trata de pessoas com deficiência intelectual, denotando a necessidade de compreensão dessa realidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção do sujeito com deficiência intelectual sobre sua participação no mercado de trabalho. Para isso, foram entrevistadas duas pessoas com deficiência intelectual, respectivamente, Caio e Laura, que narraram suas experiências familiares, no período escolar e no trabalho. Adotou-se o método História de Vida em que se prioriza o ponto de vista do entrevistado sem a preocupação com a veracidade dos fatos, mas com as concepções que o sujeito tem em relação a sua trajetória. As histórias foram analisadas e delineadas por meio de Temas Emergentes como: Formação para o trabalho e Preparação para o mercado de trabalho; Trabalho como princípio de humanização e Trabalho como princípio de desumanização; Deficiência como condição social e Deficiência como condição orgânica. Os temas emergentes foram interpretados à luz da teoria histórico-cultural, que compreende o homem, seja ele com deficiência ou não, como um sujeito formado pelas e nas relações com o outro. Nessa perspectiva de homem cultural e não apenas biológico, o trabalho é compreendido como princípio de humanização, inserção social e via de desenvolvimento de funções mais elaboradas. Os resultados foram apresentados em forma de textos narrativos e evidenciam o papel do trabalho no desenvolvimento dos sujeitos envolvidos que encontraram neste a realização profissional e pessoal com conquistas que estão além do aspecto financeiro, estendendo-se àquelas especificamente humanas. Esses sujeitos, contrariando o que é previsto para pessoas com deficiência intelectual, desenvolveram funções cognitivas e sociais que os permitiram ingressar e progredir no ambiente de trabalho. Nas trajetórias descritas destaca-se a constante intervenção da família na construção da identidade, assim como o que influenciou diretamente na concepção que sociedade e próprio sujeito tem sobre si. A formação em escolas regulares e cursos profissionalizantes possibilitou que atendessem às demandas do mercado de trabalho recebendo apoio e incentivo por parte dos empregadores, bem como possibilidades de progressão profissional. Mesmo diante de desafios e obstáculos, foram capazes de se desenvolver por meio das relações impostas, demonstrando que a pessoa com deficiência intelectual tem condições de atuar no mundo do trabalho, de refletir sobre as circunstâncias em que ocorre sua inserção, planejar e realizar-se profissionalmente.
The professional insertion of people with intellectual disabilities has been marked by contradictions and challenges because it is a recent issue, generating doubts and anxieties, those who hire, those responsible for training and training, as well as the subjects themselves. In order to overcome the historical period in which this public was excluded from work activities, affirmative action measures were created that ensure professional training and access to public and private companies, especially the Quota Law, which requires companies to of 100 employees to reserve places for disabled people. However, only a small part of this population, less than 1%, has a formal employment relationship, and of these, the number is even smaller when it comes to people with intellectual disabilities, denoting the need to understand this reality. The objective of this study was to analyze the perception of the subject with intellectual disability about their participation in the labor market. For that, two people with intellectual disabilities, respectively, Caio and Laura, who narrated their family experiences, during the school period and at work, were interviewed. The History of Life method was adopted in which the interviewee's point of view was prioritized without concern for the truth of the facts, but with the conceptions that the subject has in relation to his trajectory. The stories were analyzed and delineated through Emerging Issues such as: Training for work and Preparation for the job market; Work as a principle of humanization and work as a principle of alienation; Deficiency as a social condition and Disability as an organic condition. The emerging themes were interpreted in the light of historical-cultural theory, which comprises man, whether or not disabled, as a subject formed by and in relations with the other. In this perspective of cultural man and not only biological, the work is understood as a principle of humanization, social insertion and way of developing more elaborated functions. The results were presented in the form of narrative texts and evidence the role of work in the development of the subjects involved who found in this the professional and personal achievement with achievements that are beyond the financial aspect, extending to those specifically human. These subjects, contrary to what is predicted for people with intellectual disabilities, developed cognitive and social functions that allowed them to enter and progress in the work environment. In the described trajectories the constant intervention of the family in the construction of the identity, as well as what directly influenced in the conception that society and own subject has on itself stands out. Training in regular schools and vocational courses enabled them to meet the demands of the labor market, receiving support and encouragement from employers, as well as possibilities for career advancement. Even in the face of challenges and obstacles, they were able to develop through imposed relationships, demonstrating that the person with intellectual disabilities is able to work in the world of work, to reflect on the circumstances in which their insertion occurs, to plan and to perform professionally.
The professional insertion of people with intellectual disabilities has been marked by contradictions and challenges because it is a recent issue, generating doubts and anxieties, those who hire, those responsible for training and training, as well as the subjects themselves. In order to overcome the historical period in which this public was excluded from work activities, affirmative action measures were created that ensure professional training and access to public and private companies, especially the Quota Law, which requires companies to of 100 employees to reserve places for disabled people. However, only a small part of this population, less than 1%, has a formal employment relationship, and of these, the number is even smaller when it comes to people with intellectual disabilities, denoting the need to understand this reality. The objective of this study was to analyze the perception of the subject with intellectual disability about their participation in the labor market. For that, two people with intellectual disabilities, respectively, Caio and Laura, who narrated their family experiences, during the school period and at work, were interviewed. The History of Life method was adopted in which the interviewee's point of view was prioritized without concern for the truth of the facts, but with the conceptions that the subject has in relation to his trajectory. The stories were analyzed and delineated through Emerging Issues such as: Training for work and Preparation for the job market; Work as a principle of humanization and work as a principle of alienation; Deficiency as a social condition and Disability as an organic condition. The emerging themes were interpreted in the light of historical-cultural theory, which comprises man, whether or not disabled, as a subject formed by and in relations with the other. In this perspective of cultural man and not only biological, the work is understood as a principle of humanization, social insertion and way of developing more elaborated functions. The results were presented in the form of narrative texts and evidence the role of work in the development of the subjects involved who found in this the professional and personal achievement with achievements that are beyond the financial aspect, extending to those specifically human. These subjects, contrary to what is predicted for people with intellectual disabilities, developed cognitive and social functions that allowed them to enter and progress in the work environment. In the described trajectories the constant intervention of the family in the construction of the identity, as well as what directly influenced in the conception that society and own subject has on itself stands out. Training in regular schools and vocational courses enabled them to meet the demands of the labor market, receiving support and encouragement from employers, as well as possibilities for career advancement. Even in the face of challenges and obstacles, they were able to develop through imposed relationships, demonstrating that the person with intellectual disabilities is able to work in the world of work, to reflect on the circumstances in which their insertion occurs, to plan and to perform professionally.
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Palavras-chave
Trabalho, Desenvolvimento humano, Deficiência iIntelectual, Educação especial, Work, Human development, Intellectual disability, Special education