Concentração de cortisol salivar, saúde bucal e qualidade de vida de idosos
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Data
2018-02-27
Autores
Machado, Ana Carolina Bernardes [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Mudanças advindas do processo de envelhecimento podem atuar como fatores determinantes para a incidência de estresse no idoso, impactando em sua qualidade de vida. O objetivo neste estudo foi comparar a concentração de cortisol salivar, uso de próteses dentárias, dependência física em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados; e verificar o impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida e sintomas de depressão geriátrica em idosos não institucionalizados. Estudo do tipo quantitativo onde a amostra foi composta por 80 idosos, sendo 45 institucionalizados e 35 não institucionalizados. Realizou-se exame clínico bucal para avaliação de uso e necessidade de prótese nos arcos superior e inferior; coleta salivar para análise do marcador biológico cortisol e aplicação do Índice de Barthel para avaliar dependência física e mental. Foram empregados três questionários no estudo; para conhecimento do estado de saúde geral e uso de medicamentos, escala de depressão geriátrica (GDS-15) e Índice GOHAI. Na análise estatística empregou-se o software Bioestat (v. 5.03) para os testes de associação, ao nível de significância de 5%. A maioria dos idosos apresentou-se desdentado total, sendo 84,44% no grupo institucionalizado e 71,43% no grupo não institucionalizado. O uso de prótese foi menor entre os idosos institucionalizados, quando comparado ao grupo de idosos não institucionalizados (p= 0,0013). A análise das concentrações de cortisol salivar demonstrou diferenças significantes entre os grupos, com taxas mais elevadas no grupo institucionalizado (p=0,0397). Maiores concentrações de cortisol salivar foram encontradas em indivíduos que possuíam necessidades protéticas, com diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,0454). O grupo institucionalizado demostrou-se mais dependente (p=0,0010). Do total de participantes não institucionalizados, 91,49% faziam uso de algum tipo de prótese, sendo que 74,28% utilizavam próteses duplas. Somente 8,58% dos idosos possuíam todos os dentes naturais. A pontuação média do Índice GOHAI foi de 18,00 (dp=3,1) sugerindo que os idosos tiveram baixa percepção de saúde bucal. Houve relação estatisticamente significante entre altas concentrações de cortisol salivar e baixa autopercepção de saúde bucal (p=0,000); sintomas de depressão geriátrica também apresentaram relação com concentrações elevadas de cortisol salivar (p<0,05). Conclui-se que idosos institucionalizados apresentaram altas concentrações de cortisol salivar, maior necessidade de uso de próteses e maior dependência física quando comparados com o grupo não institucionalizado. A autopercepção de saúde bucal dos idosos foi ruim e as concentrações elevadas de cortisol salivar apresentaram relação com sintomas moderados de depressão geriátrica.
Changes resulting from the aging process can act as determinants for the incidence of stress in the elderly, impacting on their quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of salivary cortisol, dental prosthesis use, and physical dependence on institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly; and verify the impact of oral health on quality of life and symptoms of geriatric depression in non-institutionalized elderly. The sample consisted of 80 elderly individuals, of whom 45 were institutionalized and 35 were non-institutionalized. Oral clinical examination was performed to evaluate the use and need for prosthesis in the upper and lower arches; salivary collection for analysis of the biological marker cortisol and application of the Barthel Index to assess physical and mental dependence. Three questionnaires were used to know the general health status and use of medications, geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) and GOHAI Index. In the statistical analysis, the software Bioestat (v. 5.03) was used for the association tests, at a significance level of 5%. The majority of the elderly presented total edentulous, 84.44% in the institutionalized group and 71.43% in the non-institutionalized group. The use of prosthesis was lower among the institutionalized elderly, when compared to the non-institutionalized elderly group (p = 0.0013). Analysis of salivary cortisol concentrations showed significant differences between groups, with higher rates in the institutionalized group (p = 0.0397). Higher concentrations of salivary cortisol were found in individuals who had prosthetic needs, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0454). The institutionalized group was more dependent (p = 0.0010). Of the total of non-institutionalized participants, 91.49% used some type of prosthesis, and 74.28% used double prostheses. Only 8.58% of the elderly had all natural teeth. The mean GOHAI score was 18.00 (SD = 3.1) suggesting that the elderly had low perception of oral health. There was a statistically significant relationship between high concentrations of salivary cortisol and low self-perception of oral health (p = 0.000); symptoms of geriatric depression were also related to high concentrations of salivary cortisol (p <0.05). It was concluded that the institutionalized elderly showed high concentrations of salivary cortisol, a greater need for prostheses and greater physical dependence when compared to the non-institutionalized group. The self-perception of oral health of the elderly was poor and high concentrations of salivary cortisol were related to moderate symptoms of geriatric depression.
Changes resulting from the aging process can act as determinants for the incidence of stress in the elderly, impacting on their quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of salivary cortisol, dental prosthesis use, and physical dependence on institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly; and verify the impact of oral health on quality of life and symptoms of geriatric depression in non-institutionalized elderly. The sample consisted of 80 elderly individuals, of whom 45 were institutionalized and 35 were non-institutionalized. Oral clinical examination was performed to evaluate the use and need for prosthesis in the upper and lower arches; salivary collection for analysis of the biological marker cortisol and application of the Barthel Index to assess physical and mental dependence. Three questionnaires were used to know the general health status and use of medications, geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) and GOHAI Index. In the statistical analysis, the software Bioestat (v. 5.03) was used for the association tests, at a significance level of 5%. The majority of the elderly presented total edentulous, 84.44% in the institutionalized group and 71.43% in the non-institutionalized group. The use of prosthesis was lower among the institutionalized elderly, when compared to the non-institutionalized elderly group (p = 0.0013). Analysis of salivary cortisol concentrations showed significant differences between groups, with higher rates in the institutionalized group (p = 0.0397). Higher concentrations of salivary cortisol were found in individuals who had prosthetic needs, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0454). The institutionalized group was more dependent (p = 0.0010). Of the total of non-institutionalized participants, 91.49% used some type of prosthesis, and 74.28% used double prostheses. Only 8.58% of the elderly had all natural teeth. The mean GOHAI score was 18.00 (SD = 3.1) suggesting that the elderly had low perception of oral health. There was a statistically significant relationship between high concentrations of salivary cortisol and low self-perception of oral health (p = 0.000); symptoms of geriatric depression were also related to high concentrations of salivary cortisol (p <0.05). It was concluded that the institutionalized elderly showed high concentrations of salivary cortisol, a greater need for prostheses and greater physical dependence when compared to the non-institutionalized group. The self-perception of oral health of the elderly was poor and high concentrations of salivary cortisol were related to moderate symptoms of geriatric depression.
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Palavras-chave
Idoso, Hidrocortisona, Institucionalização, Envelhecimento, Saúde bucal, Instituição de longa permanência para idoso