Mecanismo pelo qual Prostaglandina E2 oriunda da eferocitose inibe a expressão do IL-1R e a diferenciação de Th17
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Data
2018-05-24
Autores
Orlando, Allan Botinhon
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A resolução de reações inflamatórias é caracterizada pela fagocitose de células mortas, processo denominado eferocitose. Como consequência deste processo, há a produção dos mediadores anti-inflamatórios, fator de transformação de crescimento (TGF-β), prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) e a interleucina-10 (IL-10). No entanto, atualmente sabe-se que a fagocitose de células apoptóticas infectadas direciona a produção de mediadores inflamatórios interleucina-6 (IL-6), interleucina-23 (IL-23) e TGF-β, Resultados obtidos recentemente por nosso grupo demonstram que a fagocitose de células apoptóticas infectadas (iAC) com Escherichia coli por células dendríticas promove, além da produção de TGF-β, interleucina-1β (IL-1β) e IL-6, a síntese de altos níveis de PGE2. Além disso, observamos que a PGE2, via receptor de prostaglandina E2 4 (EP4), inibe a diferenciação de linfócitos Th17 por meio da modulação da expressão do receptor de IL-1 (IL-1R) em linfócitos Th. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é elucidar o mecanismo pelo qual PGE2, oriunda da eferocitose de células apoptóticas infectadas, inibe a expressão de IL-1R e a diferenciação de linfócitos Th17. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que PGE2, via receptor EP4, induz a ativação de adenilato ciclase/PKA/EPAC, e que esta via de sinalização promove além da inibição de IL-1R, a inibição de um importante fator de transcrição envolvido na diferenciação de linfócitos Th17, STAT3. Sabe-se que a PGE2 pode exercer suas funções supressoras na diferenciação de células Th17 pela ativação de SOCS, bem como promover a ativação de PI3K. No entanto, apesar da presença de PGE2 aumentar a expressão de socs1, a inibição da fosforilação de STAT3 não parece ser mediada por SOCS1, tão pouco PI3K está envolvida na inibição da diferenciação de células Th17. O conjunto de resultados sugere que a inibição na diferenciação de linfócitos Th17 por PGE2, durante a eferocitose de células infectadas, ocorre através da ativação do eixo EP4/adenilato ciclase/PKA/EPAC, que resulta na inibição direta ou indireta da forforilação de STAT3.
The expression of inflammatory reactions is characterized by phagocytosis of dead cells, a process called eferocytosis. As a consequence of this process, there is the production of anti-inflammatory mediators, transforming growth factor (TGF-β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and an interleukin-10 (IL-10). However, it is now known that phagocytosis of infected apoptotic cells is one of the responsible for the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-23 (IL-23) and TGF-β lung mediators. The results obtained by our group demonstrate that the phagocytosis of infected apoptotic cells (iCA) with Escherichia coli by dendritic cells promotes, in addition to the production of TGF-β, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, high levels of PGE2. In addition, PGE2, via the prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP4), inhibits differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes by modulating IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) expression in Th lymphocytes. Thus, the objective of this work is to elucidate the mechanism by which PGE2, derived from the ectocytosis of infected apoptotic cells, inhibits the expression of IL-1R and differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes. The results obtained demonstrate that PGE2, via the EP4 receptor, induces the activation of adenylate cyclase / PKA / EPAC, and that this signaling pathway promotes in addition to the inhibition of IL-1R, the inhibition of an important transcription factor involved in the differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes, the STAT3. PGE2 is known to exert its suppressor functions in the differentiation of Th17 cells by the activation of SOCS, as well as to promote the activation of PI3K. However, despite the presence of PGE2 enhancing socs1 expression, inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation does not appear to be mediated by SOCS1, so little PI3K is involved in inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation. The set of results suggests that the inhibition in differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes by PGE2 during the eferocytosis of infected cells occurs through the activation of the EP4 / adenylate cyclase / PKA / EPAC axis, which results in the direct or indirect inhibition of STAT3 forforylation.
The expression of inflammatory reactions is characterized by phagocytosis of dead cells, a process called eferocytosis. As a consequence of this process, there is the production of anti-inflammatory mediators, transforming growth factor (TGF-β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and an interleukin-10 (IL-10). However, it is now known that phagocytosis of infected apoptotic cells is one of the responsible for the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-23 (IL-23) and TGF-β lung mediators. The results obtained by our group demonstrate that the phagocytosis of infected apoptotic cells (iCA) with Escherichia coli by dendritic cells promotes, in addition to the production of TGF-β, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, high levels of PGE2. In addition, PGE2, via the prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP4), inhibits differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes by modulating IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) expression in Th lymphocytes. Thus, the objective of this work is to elucidate the mechanism by which PGE2, derived from the ectocytosis of infected apoptotic cells, inhibits the expression of IL-1R and differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes. The results obtained demonstrate that PGE2, via the EP4 receptor, induces the activation of adenylate cyclase / PKA / EPAC, and that this signaling pathway promotes in addition to the inhibition of IL-1R, the inhibition of an important transcription factor involved in the differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes, the STAT3. PGE2 is known to exert its suppressor functions in the differentiation of Th17 cells by the activation of SOCS, as well as to promote the activation of PI3K. However, despite the presence of PGE2 enhancing socs1 expression, inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation does not appear to be mediated by SOCS1, so little PI3K is involved in inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation. The set of results suggests that the inhibition in differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes by PGE2 during the eferocytosis of infected cells occurs through the activation of the EP4 / adenylate cyclase / PKA / EPAC axis, which results in the direct or indirect inhibition of STAT3 forforylation.
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Palavras-chave
Eferocitose, Prostaglandina E2, Th17, Efferocytosis, Prostaglandin