Estruturação urbana e espaços comerciais em Cuzco – Peru: “En los terrenos del Seminario San Antonio de Abad, más un extraño se nos acerca”
Data
2018-07-05
Autores
Andrade, Rita de Cássia Gregório de
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na pesquisa ora apresentada, tratamos da cidade de Cuzco e da repercussão do Shopping Center Real Plaza na estrutura e estruturação urbanas, com ênfase no comércio. Estudamos os espaços comerciais presentes em Cuzco, tais como mercados públicos, centros comerciais populares, bodegas, entre outros, para entender o papel do Shopping Center Real Plaza numa cidade marcada por uma diversidade de espaços varejistas. Analisamos a estruturação do espaço urbano e as singularidades de uma cidade média, cujo centro mais antigo está marcado pelo patrimônio cultural e pelas atividades terciárias do ramo turístico. Representam singularidades que levamos em consideração, para a análise da cidade em tela: o conteúdo simbólico do centro histórico; a mercantilização dos elementos culturais, pelo turismo; a presença de uma diversidade de espaços varejistas; a dinâmica comercial proporcionada pelos vendedores ambulantes e o sítio urbano montanhoso. O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa é estudar as repercussões do Shopping Center Real Plaza na estruturação urbana e comercial da cidade de Cuzco e os objetivos específicos são: 1) refletir sobre a expansão dos shopping centers no Peru; 2) compreender as singularidades de Cuzco, no que toca aos processos naturais, históricos e socioeconômicos, como também os diversos espaços comerciais da cidade; 3) analisar a estruturação urbana da cidade em tela, buscando compreender os diferentes “centros” e “eixos” comerciais; 4) analisar o Real Plaza de Cuzco, no que se refere à escolha locacional, aos agentes envolvidos no processo de construção e funcionamento, as consequências para a formação ou reforço da centralidade (comercial e de serviços) e a relação de concorrência ou complementaridade com os espaços de comércio preexistentes na cidade. Para isso, realizamos os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: Leitura bibliográfica, análise documental, realização de entrevistas, aplicação de questionários, produção de mapas, observação do espaço urbano e levantamento fotográfico. Fundamentamos a tese de que, embora haja tendências gerais de concentração econômica e de expansão geográfica de novos espaços comerciais, há singularidades associadas à cidade de Cuzco, decorrentes da história, da conformação arquitetônica e do sítio urbano, que influenciaram na localização e implantação do Shopping Center Real Plaza. Essa superfície comercial e imobiliária, levantada no contexto da economia neoliberal, teve que se integrar a uma cidade com lógica distinta de dinâmica comercial, ligada ao “informal” e ao “tradicional”.
Our focus was on the study of the Cuzco city and the repercussion of the Real Plaza Shopping Center on the structure and urbane structuration, regarding mainly to the commerce. We treat with the commercial spaces present in Cuzco, such as the public markets, popular commercial centers, wineries and others; so that we could understand the role of the Real Plaza Shopping Center in a city that is characterized by retailer spaces. We analyzed the structuration of urbane spaces and the singularities of a middle-size city, whose oldest center is characterized by the cultural heritage and tertiary activities of the touristic branch. The next singularities were considered to the analysis of the city in screen: the symbolic content of the historical center; the mercantile process of cultural elements carried out by tourism; the presence of a diversity of retailer spaces; the commercial dynamic provided by ambulant sellers and the mountain urbane site. The general aim of this research is to study the repercussions of the Real Plaza Shopping Center on the urbane and commercial structuration of the Cuzco city and the specific aims are: 1) reflect on the expansion of shopping centers in Peru; 2) understand the singularity of Cuzco, regarding the natural, historical and socioeconomics process, in addition to the several commercial spaces of the city; 3) analyze the urbane structuration of the city in screen, looking for understanding the different commercial “centers” and “axis”; 4) analyze the Real Plaza of Cuzco, regarding its location choice, agents involved in the process of building and operation, the consequences of formation or reinforcement of the (commercial and services) centrality and the relation of concurrence or complementarity with the pre-existent commercial spaces of the city. To do that, we used the next methodological tools: literature review, documental analysis, interviews, surveys, production of maps, observation of urbane space and photographic reports. We based the thesis that, although there are general trends of economical concentration and geographic expansion of new commercial spaces, there are particularities associated with the Cuzco city, due to its history, architectonic features and urbane sites, which have influence on the location and implantation of the Real Plaza Shopping Center. This commercial and real estate surface, considering the neoliberal economic context, needed to integrate itself to a city with a distinct logic of commercial dynamic, linked to the "informal" and "traditional".
Our focus was on the study of the Cuzco city and the repercussion of the Real Plaza Shopping Center on the structure and urbane structuration, regarding mainly to the commerce. We treat with the commercial spaces present in Cuzco, such as the public markets, popular commercial centers, wineries and others; so that we could understand the role of the Real Plaza Shopping Center in a city that is characterized by retailer spaces. We analyzed the structuration of urbane spaces and the singularities of a middle-size city, whose oldest center is characterized by the cultural heritage and tertiary activities of the touristic branch. The next singularities were considered to the analysis of the city in screen: the symbolic content of the historical center; the mercantile process of cultural elements carried out by tourism; the presence of a diversity of retailer spaces; the commercial dynamic provided by ambulant sellers and the mountain urbane site. The general aim of this research is to study the repercussions of the Real Plaza Shopping Center on the urbane and commercial structuration of the Cuzco city and the specific aims are: 1) reflect on the expansion of shopping centers in Peru; 2) understand the singularity of Cuzco, regarding the natural, historical and socioeconomics process, in addition to the several commercial spaces of the city; 3) analyze the urbane structuration of the city in screen, looking for understanding the different commercial “centers” and “axis”; 4) analyze the Real Plaza of Cuzco, regarding its location choice, agents involved in the process of building and operation, the consequences of formation or reinforcement of the (commercial and services) centrality and the relation of concurrence or complementarity with the pre-existent commercial spaces of the city. To do that, we used the next methodological tools: literature review, documental analysis, interviews, surveys, production of maps, observation of urbane space and photographic reports. We based the thesis that, although there are general trends of economical concentration and geographic expansion of new commercial spaces, there are particularities associated with the Cuzco city, due to its history, architectonic features and urbane sites, which have influence on the location and implantation of the Real Plaza Shopping Center. This commercial and real estate surface, considering the neoliberal economic context, needed to integrate itself to a city with a distinct logic of commercial dynamic, linked to the "informal" and "traditional".
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Peru, Espaços comerciais, Shopping center, Cuzco, Estruturação urbana, Centro, Centralidade, Peru, Commercial spaces, Shopping center, Cuzco, Urbane structuration, Center, Centrality