Condição bucal autorreferida e o uso do serviço odontológico por gestantes de alto risco
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Data
2018-09-27
Autores
Rós, Denise de Toledo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A gestação é um período especial na vida de toda mulher, e visando o bem estar da família e melhoria das condições de saúde o acompanhamento de uma equipe multiprofissional é preconizado. Os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do Milênio proposto pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), devido a relevância da temática, apresentaram metas e ações específicas para a redução da mortalidade materno-infantil. Dentre as ações destacam-se a ampliação do acompanhamento pré-natal e o incentivo ao aleitamento materno. Os objetivos nesta pesquisa foram: investigar a morbidade bucal referida e o uso de serviços odontológicos por gestantes de alto risco e analisar a intenção de aleitamento materno destas gestantes. Foi realizada pesquisa transversal, com 1200 gestantes de alto risco, que realizaram acompanhamento pré-natal no Ambulatório Médico de Especialidades (AME) do município de Araçatuba. Na coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas padronizadas, utilizando-se formulário específico previamente testado em estudo piloto, com entrevistadores calibrados e em local apropriado. As variáveis dependentes foram: o uso do serviço odontológico, a condição bucal autorreferida, intenção de amamentação exclusiva e histórico de amamentação anterior. Para processamento dos dados foram empregados os softwares Epi Info 7.4.1, Bioestat 5.3 e IRAMUTEQ 0.7.2.0. O teste qui-quadrado ao nível de significância de 5% foi empregado para análises quantitativas. Do total de entrevistadas, 40,08% realizaram sua última consulta odontológica com mais de 1 ano, 72,17% relataram de “regular” a “muito ruim” seus dentes e gengivas e 75,58% afirmaram terem tido dor de origem dentária. A condição bucal autorreferida esteve associada com a idade (p=0,0156), escolaridade (p<0,0001), renda (p<0,0001), ocupação (p<0,0001), estado civil (p<0,0001) e com o uso do serviço (p<0,0001), e a consulta odontológica mostrou associação com idade (p=0,0194) e ocupação (p=0,0016). Sobre a amamentação, 8,76% das gestantes apresentavam condições que poderiam afetar o aleitamento. A pretensão de amamentação exclusiva foi afirmada por 93,83%, sendo 69,86% até os 6 meses. O histórico de amamentação anterior mostrou associação com pretensão de amamentação exclusiva (p=0,0165), período de amamentação pretendido (p<0,0001), apoio familiar (p=0,0494) e escolaridade (p=0,0472). A análise qualitativa mostrou, por meio de nuvem de palavra e análise de similitude, que os motivos mais relevantes para a recusa de amamentação exclusiva foram: HIV, uso de medicação, trabalho e falta de informação. Conclui-se que, apesar da condição bucal ser relatada de “regular” a “muito ruim” por parte das pacientes, o uso do serviço odontológico por gestantes de alto risco ainda foi baixo. A maioria das gestantes de alto risco pretendiam amamentar exclusivamente no peito por um período de 6 meses, no entanto, algumas condições poderiam interferir na amamentação. O histórico de amamentação de outros filhos influenciou a intenção de amamentar.
Gestation is a special period in the life of every woman , and aiming at the well - being of the f amily and improvement of health conditions, the follow - up of a multiprofessional team is recommended. Th e Millennium Development Goals proposed by the United Nations (UN), due to the relevance of the theme, presented specific goals and actions to reduce maternal an d child mortality . A mong the actions were the expansion of prenatal care and the encouragement to breastfeeding. The objective s of this research w ere: to investigate the mentioned oral morbidity and the use of dental services by high risk pregnant women an d to analyze the intention of breastfeeding of these pregnant women . A cross - sectional study was carried out with 1200 high - risk pregnant women who underwent prenatal care at the Medical Specialist Ambulatory (MSA) in the city of Araçatuba. In the data col lection, standardized interviews were performed using a specific form previously tested in a pilot study, with interviewers calibrated and in an appropriate place. The dependent variables were: the use of the dental service, the self - reported oral conditio n, exclusive breastfeeding intention and previous breastfeeding history. For data processing, the software Epi Info 7.4.1, Bioestat 5.3 and IRAMUTEQ 0.7.2.0 were used. The chi - square test at the significance level of 5% was used for quantitative analysis. From the total respondents, 40.08% had visited the dental office over 1 year ago, 72.17% reported their teeth and gingiva as "fair" or "very poor", and 75.58% reported having had a toothache. The self - reported oral condition was related to age (p=0.0156), level of education (p<0.0001), income (p<0.0001), occupation (p<0.0001), marital status (p<0.0001), and dental care utilization (p<0.0001) , and dental appointments showed association with age (p=0.0194) and occupation (p=0.0 016). Ab out breastfeeding, 8.76% of pregnant women had conditions that could affect breastfeeding. The intention of exclusive breastfeeding was affirmed by 93.83%, being 69.86% up to 6 months. Breastfeeding history showed association with exclusive breastf eeding (p=0.0165), intended breastfeeding period (p<0.0001), family support (p=0.0494) and schooling (p=0.0472). The qualitative analysis showed, through word cloud and similarity analysis, that the most relevant reasons for refusing exclusive breastfeedin g were: HIV, medication use, work and lack of information . It was concluded that, although the oral condition was reported from "regular" to "very poor" by the patients, the use of dental service by high - risk pregnant women still low. Most high - risk pregna nt women intended to exclusively breastfeed for a period of 6 months, however, some conditions could interfere with breastfeeding. The history of breastfeeding of other children influenced the intention to breastfeed.
Gestation is a special period in the life of every woman , and aiming at the well - being of the f amily and improvement of health conditions, the follow - up of a multiprofessional team is recommended. Th e Millennium Development Goals proposed by the United Nations (UN), due to the relevance of the theme, presented specific goals and actions to reduce maternal an d child mortality . A mong the actions were the expansion of prenatal care and the encouragement to breastfeeding. The objective s of this research w ere: to investigate the mentioned oral morbidity and the use of dental services by high risk pregnant women an d to analyze the intention of breastfeeding of these pregnant women . A cross - sectional study was carried out with 1200 high - risk pregnant women who underwent prenatal care at the Medical Specialist Ambulatory (MSA) in the city of Araçatuba. In the data col lection, standardized interviews were performed using a specific form previously tested in a pilot study, with interviewers calibrated and in an appropriate place. The dependent variables were: the use of the dental service, the self - reported oral conditio n, exclusive breastfeeding intention and previous breastfeeding history. For data processing, the software Epi Info 7.4.1, Bioestat 5.3 and IRAMUTEQ 0.7.2.0 were used. The chi - square test at the significance level of 5% was used for quantitative analysis. From the total respondents, 40.08% had visited the dental office over 1 year ago, 72.17% reported their teeth and gingiva as "fair" or "very poor", and 75.58% reported having had a toothache. The self - reported oral condition was related to age (p=0.0156), level of education (p<0.0001), income (p<0.0001), occupation (p<0.0001), marital status (p<0.0001), and dental care utilization (p<0.0001) , and dental appointments showed association with age (p=0.0194) and occupation (p=0.0 016). Ab out breastfeeding, 8.76% of pregnant women had conditions that could affect breastfeeding. The intention of exclusive breastfeeding was affirmed by 93.83%, being 69.86% up to 6 months. Breastfeeding history showed association with exclusive breastf eeding (p=0.0165), intended breastfeeding period (p<0.0001), family support (p=0.0494) and schooling (p=0.0472). The qualitative analysis showed, through word cloud and similarity analysis, that the most relevant reasons for refusing exclusive breastfeedin g were: HIV, medication use, work and lack of information . It was concluded that, although the oral condition was reported from "regular" to "very poor" by the patients, the use of dental service by high - risk pregnant women still low. Most high - risk pregna nt women intended to exclusively breastfeed for a period of 6 months, however, some conditions could interfere with breastfeeding. The history of breastfeeding of other children influenced the intention to breastfeed.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gravidez de alto risco, Cuidado pré-natal, Saúde bucal, Aleitamento materno, Pesquisa qualitativa, High - risk pregnancy