Avaliação da circulação do Vírus da Encefalite de Saint Louis (SLEV) e do Vírus Oropouche (OROV)/Oropouche-like em três municípios brasileiros por reconstrução filogenética.
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2019-08-21
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Arbovírus é o acrônimo de vírus transmitidos por artrópodes hematófagos. Estes podem causar surtos importantes envolvendo animais e humanos. Arbovírus como Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), Febre Amarela (YFV) e Chikungunya (CHIKV) causaram epidemias importantes no Brasil nas últimas décadas. Febre, artralgia, mialgia, dor retroorbital, cefaleia e exantema são sintomas iniciais comuns de infecções causadas por arbovírus. Devido à similaridade dos sintomas iniciais e do diagnóstico baseado em aspectos clínicos, arbovírus de circulação menos comum normalmente acabam não sendo detectados. A detecção da circulação de um arbovírus é importante para responder questões epidemiológicas, como sua origem e como ocorreu sua dispersão. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar reconstrução filogenética do Flavivirus Encefalite de Saint Louis (SLEV), detectado em Araraquara (SP) e Sinop (MT), como também do Orthobunyavirus Oropouche (OROV) e de seus recombinates (OROV-like viruses), detectados no município de Ji-Paraná (RO). As amostras provenientes dos três municípios foram previamente testadas para a presença de Flavivirus, Alphavirus e Orthobunyavirus. O RNA viral foi obtido por dois métodos de extração e amplificado por PCR para posterior sequenciamento dos amplicons gerados. Em seguida, foi feita análise filogenética de sequências parciais dos genes que codificam a proteína NS5 de SLEV e o segmento S de OROV/OROV-like. A reconstrução filogenética sugere que o genótipo V de SLEV estava circulando em Araraquara (SP) e Sinop (MT). Devido à amplificação apenas do segmento S, não foi possível diferenciar OROV de OROV-like viruses. O presente estudo revela que arbovírus estão sendo sub-detectados no Brasil, circulando de forma silenciosa, e que a vigilância de pacientes febris que apresentam sintomas semelhantes aos da dengue deve abranger outros arbovírus importantes e emergentes.
Arbovirus is an acronym of arthropod-borne viruses. They can cause important outbreaks involving animals and humans. Arboviruses like Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), Yellow Fever (YFV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV) have been responsible for important epidemics in Brazil over the last decades. Fever, arthralgia, myalgia, retro-orbital pain, headache and rash are common initial symptoms found in infections by arboviruses. Due to the similar initial symptoms and diagnosis based on clinical aspects, several less frequent viruses are usually not even detected. The detection of a circulating arbovirus is important to tackle epidemiological questions, such as its origin and how it has spread. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform the phylogenetic reconstruction of the Flavivirus Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLEV) that was detected in Araraquara (SP) and Sinop (MT), as well the Orthobunyavirus Oropouche (OROV) and its recombinants (OROV-like viruses) from Ji-Paraná (RO). Samples from the three cities were tested previously for the presence of Flavivirus, Alphavirus and Orthobunyavirus. Viral RNA was extracted with two methods and amplified by PCR for sequencing the generated amplicons. Thereafter, phylogenetic analysis were performed using partial sequences of the genes that encoding the NS5 protein of the SLEV and the S segment of the OROV/OROV-like. The phylogenetic reconstruction suggests that the genotype V of SLEV was circulating in Araraquara (SP) and Sinop (MT). Since only the S segment presented amplification, it was not possible to differentiate OROV from the OROV-like viruses. This study reveals that arboviruses are being under detected in Brazil showing silent circulation, and that the surveillance in febrile patients with dengue-like symptoms should include other important and emerging arboviruses.
Arbovirus is an acronym of arthropod-borne viruses. They can cause important outbreaks involving animals and humans. Arboviruses like Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), Yellow Fever (YFV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV) have been responsible for important epidemics in Brazil over the last decades. Fever, arthralgia, myalgia, retro-orbital pain, headache and rash are common initial symptoms found in infections by arboviruses. Due to the similar initial symptoms and diagnosis based on clinical aspects, several less frequent viruses are usually not even detected. The detection of a circulating arbovirus is important to tackle epidemiological questions, such as its origin and how it has spread. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform the phylogenetic reconstruction of the Flavivirus Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLEV) that was detected in Araraquara (SP) and Sinop (MT), as well the Orthobunyavirus Oropouche (OROV) and its recombinants (OROV-like viruses) from Ji-Paraná (RO). Samples from the three cities were tested previously for the presence of Flavivirus, Alphavirus and Orthobunyavirus. Viral RNA was extracted with two methods and amplified by PCR for sequencing the generated amplicons. Thereafter, phylogenetic analysis were performed using partial sequences of the genes that encoding the NS5 protein of the SLEV and the S segment of the OROV/OROV-like. The phylogenetic reconstruction suggests that the genotype V of SLEV was circulating in Araraquara (SP) and Sinop (MT). Since only the S segment presented amplification, it was not possible to differentiate OROV from the OROV-like viruses. This study reveals that arboviruses are being under detected in Brazil showing silent circulation, and that the surveillance in febrile patients with dengue-like symptoms should include other important and emerging arboviruses.
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Arbovírus, SLEV, OROV, OROV-like virus, Reconstrução Filogenética