O orfismo e a representação mítica de Dioniso-Zagreu na Grécia Clássica: uma análise historiográfica
Carregando...
Data
2019-10-21
Autores
Tarzia, Milena
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente tese tem por intento compreender e questionar a existência, a atuação e o papel desempenhado pelo mito de Dioniso-Zagreu na tradição órfica da Grécia clássica, e na eventual dramatização desses mistérios. Seria este realmente o mito cardinal do orfismo ou ele é uma ficção intencionalmente provocada pelas leituras apologéticas dos estudiosos do século XIX? Integra-se a ele uma antropogonia inovadora ou não há evidências para tal construção teórica? A antiguidade, o conteúdo e a centralidade do mito têm sido motivo de amplo debate entre os estudiosos do tema. E esses debates, muitas vezes, se ajustam a imagens viciadas e induzidas das fontes, referências, métodos e materiais de investigação. Enquanto alguns intérpretes e comentadores inserem sua origem e, sobretudo, sua propagação, a partir V século AEC, outros, influenciados pelo cetiscimo e pelos apelos da hipercrítica, advogam pela inexistência tanto do mito, quanto da doutrina do pecado original que supostamente faria parte da composição desta narrativa. Munida de perspectivas e interpretações plurais, esta pesquisa visa a percorrer a história da tradição órfica, em busca de imagens que deem conta dessa multiplicidade intrínseca e característica do universo dionisíaco, a fim de analisar também as crenças peculiares às práticas de representação dramática e se elas estariam presentes no ritual órfico, em especial no período clássico, a partir da simbologia estabelecida à época pelos testemunhos, pela iconografia e pelos textos esotéricos, como o Papiro de Derveni, o Papiro de Gurôb, as Lâminas de ouro e as placas de osso de Ólbia. Em que pese o recorte temporal desta análise, as fontes tardias e a contribuição discursiva dos neoplatônicos e primeiros autores cristãos não foram descartadas de imediato, posto que também compõem imagens, representações, valores e significações do orfismo, fenômeno híbrido que dialoga com uma variedade intensa de manifestações e que, em função disto, permanece presente como objeto de estudo dos mais controvertidos e lacunares, mas que nem por isso perde em beleza e complexidade.
This thesis aims to understand and question the existence, the performance and the role played by the myth of Dionysos-Zagreus in the Orphic tradition of classical Greece, and in the eventual dramatization of these mysteries. Is this really the cardinal myth of Orphism or is it a fiction intentionally provoked by the apologetic readings of nineteenth-century scholars? Is an innovative anthropogony integrated into it or is there no evidence for such a theoretical construction? The antiquity, content and centrality of the myth have been the subject of wide debate among scholars. These debates often fit in with misleading and induced images of sources, references, methods, and research materials. While some interpreters and commentators insert its origin and, above all, its propagation, from the 5th century BCE, others, influenced by the eighteenth century and the appeals of the hypercritic, advocate the inexistence of both, myth and the doctrine of original sin, that supposedly would be part of the composition of this narrative. Armed with perspectives and plural interpretations, this research aims to search the history of the Orphic tradition, looking for images that account for this intrinsic multiplicity and characteristic of the Dionysian universe, in order to analyze also the beliefs peculiar to the practices of dramatic representation and if they would be present in the Orphic ritual, especially in the classical period, from the symbology established at the time by the testimonies, iconography and esoteric texts such as Derveni's Papyrus, Gurôb's Papyrus, the Golden Tablets, and the Bone Tablets from Olbia. Despite the temporal outline of this analysis, the late sources and the discursive contribution of the neoplatonists and early Christian authors were not immediately discarded, since they also make up images, representations, values and meanings of orphism, a hybrid phenomenon that dialogues with an intense variety of manifestations and, because of this, remains present as an object of study of the most controversial and lacunar, but that nevertheless loses in beauty and complexity.
This thesis aims to understand and question the existence, the performance and the role played by the myth of Dionysos-Zagreus in the Orphic tradition of classical Greece, and in the eventual dramatization of these mysteries. Is this really the cardinal myth of Orphism or is it a fiction intentionally provoked by the apologetic readings of nineteenth-century scholars? Is an innovative anthropogony integrated into it or is there no evidence for such a theoretical construction? The antiquity, content and centrality of the myth have been the subject of wide debate among scholars. These debates often fit in with misleading and induced images of sources, references, methods, and research materials. While some interpreters and commentators insert its origin and, above all, its propagation, from the 5th century BCE, others, influenced by the eighteenth century and the appeals of the hypercritic, advocate the inexistence of both, myth and the doctrine of original sin, that supposedly would be part of the composition of this narrative. Armed with perspectives and plural interpretations, this research aims to search the history of the Orphic tradition, looking for images that account for this intrinsic multiplicity and characteristic of the Dionysian universe, in order to analyze also the beliefs peculiar to the practices of dramatic representation and if they would be present in the Orphic ritual, especially in the classical period, from the symbology established at the time by the testimonies, iconography and esoteric texts such as Derveni's Papyrus, Gurôb's Papyrus, the Golden Tablets, and the Bone Tablets from Olbia. Despite the temporal outline of this analysis, the late sources and the discursive contribution of the neoplatonists and early Christian authors were not immediately discarded, since they also make up images, representations, values and meanings of orphism, a hybrid phenomenon that dialogues with an intense variety of manifestations and, because of this, remains present as an object of study of the most controversial and lacunar, but that nevertheless loses in beauty and complexity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Orfismo, Mito de Dionioso-Zagreu, Imagens e representações, Drama sacramental, Orphism, Myth of Dionysos-Zagreus, Images and representations, Sacramental drama