Dermatites de contato em indivíduos expostos a alisantes capilares contendo formaldeído identificados por reação química
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Data
2020-02-27
Autores
Tsuji, Monique Cotarelli
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os cabelos são um importante componente de identidade social e sedução, favorece o mercado de cosméticos, notadamente o capilar, que busca inovações e novidades destinadas a obter um resultado desejado. Mulheres e homens dão importância para a saúde e aparência dos mesmos, empenhando cuidados que vão além dos habituais de higiene. A procura pelo cabelo ideal expõe a riscos de doenças, tanto os profissionais dos salões de beleza e como seus clientes. São doenças ocupacionais, em muitos casos, negligenciadas. Entre estes riscos encontra-se a dermatite de contato. No Brasil, a chamada escova progressiva é a mais conhecida e utilizada para alisamento. Neste processo o uso de formaldeído (FA) em concentrações não permitidas tem sido prática comum, expondo cabeleireiros e clientes a risco de doenças relacionadas ao contato com FA. O FA é permitido na concentração de até 0,2% como conservante de produtos. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar indivíduos expostos ao FA ao realizarem alisamento capilar, se estavam sensibilizados ao FA. Para identificar FA em produtos de alisamento capilar, usado pelos cabeleireiros participantes desta pesquisa, utilizou-se um kit comercialmente disponível. Foram incluídos profissionais expostos ao FA, clientes (esporadicamente expostos) e indivíduos nunca expostos. Foram realizados patch teste com a bateria brasileira para dermatite de contato, e um participante apresentou teste cutâneo positivo para formol, onze para bicromato de potássio e oito para sulfato de níquel. Sintomas clínicos foram mais graves entre os cabeleireiros. Amostras de alisantes foram testadas com produto comercial para verificar a presença de FA, e as colorações indicam concentrações maiores que o permitido em 50% das amostras (5/10), sendo que em 20% não foi possível avaliar pela interferência de cor do próprio produto. Nos testes para desenvolvimento de produto para avaliação semiquantitativa de FA o principal desafio foi a reação química cruzada com outros componentes dos produtos alisantes, a exemplo da acetona. O uso de papel de filtro e reagente de Schiff não permitiu criar um padrão de cores para uso simples e rápido, embora tenha possibilitado a obtenção de resultados parciais, que poderão ser melhor testados com avaliações adicionais. Um filme de animação foi produzido para orientar cuidados no uso de alisantes capilares, visando orientar consumidores/profissionais sobre os riscos da exposição, o ideal uso de equipamentos de proteção para práticas mais seguras, evitando a sensibilização e desenvolvimento de doenças.
Hair is an important component of social identity and seduction, it favors the cosmetics market, notably the capillary, which seeks innovations and novelties designed to obtain a desired result. Women and men give importance to their health and appearance, engaging in care that goes beyond the usual hygiene. The search for the ideal hair exposes the risks of diseases, both the professionals of the beauty salons and their clients. Occupational diseases that are, in many cases, neglected. Contact dermatites is one of the risks. In Brazil, the so-called brazilian hair straightening is the preferred for straightening. In this process, the use of formaldehyde (FA) in unallowed concentrations has been common practice, exposing hairdressers and clients to the risk of diseases related to contact with FA. At a concentration of up to 0.2%, as a p preservative, FA is permitted. The present study aimed to evaluate individuals exposed to FA when performing hair straightening, and if they were sensitized to FA. To identify FA in hair straightening products, used by hairdressers participating in this research, a commercially available kit was used. Professionals exposed to the FA, clients (sporadically exposed) and individuals never exposed were included. Patch tests were performed with the Brazilian battery for contact dermatitis, and one participant presented a positive skin test for formaldehyde, eleven for potassium bichromate and eight for nickel sulfate. Clinical symptoms were more severe among hairdressers. Straightening samples were tested with a commercial product to check for the presence of FA, and the colorations indicate concentrations higher than the allowed in 50% of the samples (5/10), and in 20% it was not possible to evaluate because of the original color of the straightening product. The principal difficulty for developent of a semiquntitative reaction was cross reactive reactions with others componentes ( i.e. acetone) of straitening products. The use of filter paper and Schiff's reagent did not allow the creation of a color pattern for simple and quick use, although it made it possible to obtain partial results, which can be better tested with additional researchs. An animated film was produced to guide care in the use of hair straighteners, aiming to guide consumers / professionals about the risks of exposure, the ideal use of protective equipment for safer practices, avoiding the awareness and development of diseases.
Hair is an important component of social identity and seduction, it favors the cosmetics market, notably the capillary, which seeks innovations and novelties designed to obtain a desired result. Women and men give importance to their health and appearance, engaging in care that goes beyond the usual hygiene. The search for the ideal hair exposes the risks of diseases, both the professionals of the beauty salons and their clients. Occupational diseases that are, in many cases, neglected. Contact dermatites is one of the risks. In Brazil, the so-called brazilian hair straightening is the preferred for straightening. In this process, the use of formaldehyde (FA) in unallowed concentrations has been common practice, exposing hairdressers and clients to the risk of diseases related to contact with FA. At a concentration of up to 0.2%, as a p preservative, FA is permitted. The present study aimed to evaluate individuals exposed to FA when performing hair straightening, and if they were sensitized to FA. To identify FA in hair straightening products, used by hairdressers participating in this research, a commercially available kit was used. Professionals exposed to the FA, clients (sporadically exposed) and individuals never exposed were included. Patch tests were performed with the Brazilian battery for contact dermatitis, and one participant presented a positive skin test for formaldehyde, eleven for potassium bichromate and eight for nickel sulfate. Clinical symptoms were more severe among hairdressers. Straightening samples were tested with a commercial product to check for the presence of FA, and the colorations indicate concentrations higher than the allowed in 50% of the samples (5/10), and in 20% it was not possible to evaluate because of the original color of the straightening product. The principal difficulty for developent of a semiquntitative reaction was cross reactive reactions with others componentes ( i.e. acetone) of straitening products. The use of filter paper and Schiff's reagent did not allow the creation of a color pattern for simple and quick use, although it made it possible to obtain partial results, which can be better tested with additional researchs. An animated film was produced to guide care in the use of hair straighteners, aiming to guide consumers / professionals about the risks of exposure, the ideal use of protective equipment for safer practices, avoiding the awareness and development of diseases.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Dermatite de contato, Formaldeído, Alisamento capilar, Contact dermatitis, Formaldehyde, Hair straightening