Sistemas de cultivo e plantas alimentícias da Terra Indígena Kaxinawá de Nova Olinda, Acre
Carregando...
Data
2020-03-27
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a agricultura e inventariar as plantas alimentícias utilizadas na Terra Indígena Kaxinawá de Nova Olinda (TIKNO), Feijó, Acre, Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. A metodologia utilizada para o estudo dos sistemas de cultivo e de plantas alimentícias encontradas nessas áreas cultivadas foi a de entrevistas semiestruturadas e visitas in loco nas áreas de produção agrícola; já o estudo de plantas alimentícias silvestres, foi realizado através de listagem livre e turnê guiada em áreas de floresta da TIKNO, sendo realizados com especialistas indígenas, de ambos os sexos, e idades entre 19 e 70 anos. Para complementar também foi feito um diagnóstico socioeconômico da comunidade, auxiliando na compreensão da forma com que o conhecimento vem sendo difundido entre as diferentes famílias e gerações. Os dados coletados foram processados e avaliados através de análises descritivas e qualitativas. Com relação aos sistemas de cultivo, foram identificados quatro sistemas principais para produção agrícola, sendo eles: roçado de corte/queima, bananal, cultivo de praia e quintal agroflorestal, cada qual com características distintas entre sí. Ao todo foram identificadas 115 espécies vegetais comestíveis, sendo 50 espécies consideradas cultivadas nesses sistemas de cultivo, distribuídas em 41 gêneros, 26 famílias botânicas, e representadas por 144 variedades locais. Dentre todas as espécies cultivadas, as que apresentaram maior número de variedades foram Banana (Musa ssp.), com 20 variedades, Mandioca (Manihot esculenta Krantz.), com 19 variedades, e Milho (Zea mays L.), com 11 variedades. Com relação as plantas alimentícias silvestres, foram identificadas 65 espécies utilizadas e manipuladas através do extrativismo, distribuídas em 36 gêneros, pertencentes a 22 famílias botânicas. A família Arecaceae foi a mais representativa com 13 espécies, seguida de Malvaceae com 7 espécies, e Moraceae, com 5 espécies, que juntas representaram aproximadamente 40% das plantas alimentícias silvestres identificadas. A diversidade de plantas alimentícias e praticas de manejo agrícola observadas na TIKNO contribuem para a segurança alimentar da comunidade, garantindo a preservação cultural do conhecimento associado.
The work aimed to characterize the agriculture and cultivation of plants used in the Kaxinawá Indigenous Land of Nova Olinda (TIKNO), Feijó, Acre, Brazil. A survey was carried out between the years 2016 and 2020. A methodology used for the study of cultivation systems and food plants, in these cultivated areas, was that of semi-structured interviews and visits to places in the areas of agricultural production; the study of wild food plants, on the other hand, was carried out through the list of books and was guided in areas of the TIKNO forest, being carried out with indigenous specialists, both sexes and ages between 19 and 70 years. In addition, a socio-economic diagnosis of the community was also made, helping to understand the way in which knowledge is disseminated among different families and used. The collected data were processed and applied through descriptive and qualitative analyzes. Regarding the cultivation systems, four main systems of agricultural production were used, being: cutting / burning clearing, banana plantation, beach cultivation and agroforestry yard, each with different characteristics. In all, 115 edible plant species were identified, 50 species cultivated in the cultivation systems, distributed in 41 genera, 26 botanical families and represented by 144 local varieties. Among all cultivated species, the largest number of varieties were Banana (Musa ssp.), With 20 varieties, Cassava (Manihot esculenta Krantz.), With 19 varieties, and Corn (Zea mays L.), with 11 varieties. Regarding wild food plants, 65 species were used and manipulated through extraction, distributed in 36 genera, belonging to 22 botanical families. The Arecaceae family was the most representative with 13 species, followed by Malvaceae with 7 species, and Moraceae, with 5 species, which together represent approximately 40% of the identified wild food plants. A diversity of food plants and agricultural management practices observed at TIKNO contributes to the community's food security, allowing the cultural preservation of associated knowledge.
The work aimed to characterize the agriculture and cultivation of plants used in the Kaxinawá Indigenous Land of Nova Olinda (TIKNO), Feijó, Acre, Brazil. A survey was carried out between the years 2016 and 2020. A methodology used for the study of cultivation systems and food plants, in these cultivated areas, was that of semi-structured interviews and visits to places in the areas of agricultural production; the study of wild food plants, on the other hand, was carried out through the list of books and was guided in areas of the TIKNO forest, being carried out with indigenous specialists, both sexes and ages between 19 and 70 years. In addition, a socio-economic diagnosis of the community was also made, helping to understand the way in which knowledge is disseminated among different families and used. The collected data were processed and applied through descriptive and qualitative analyzes. Regarding the cultivation systems, four main systems of agricultural production were used, being: cutting / burning clearing, banana plantation, beach cultivation and agroforestry yard, each with different characteristics. In all, 115 edible plant species were identified, 50 species cultivated in the cultivation systems, distributed in 41 genera, 26 botanical families and represented by 144 local varieties. Among all cultivated species, the largest number of varieties were Banana (Musa ssp.), With 20 varieties, Cassava (Manihot esculenta Krantz.), With 19 varieties, and Corn (Zea mays L.), with 11 varieties. Regarding wild food plants, 65 species were used and manipulated through extraction, distributed in 36 genera, belonging to 22 botanical families. The Arecaceae family was the most representative with 13 species, followed by Malvaceae with 7 species, and Moraceae, with 5 species, which together represent approximately 40% of the identified wild food plants. A diversity of food plants and agricultural management practices observed at TIKNO contributes to the community's food security, allowing the cultural preservation of associated knowledge.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Etnobotânica, Agrobiodiversidade, Amazônia, Kaxinawá, Horticultura, Ethnobotany, Amazon, Agrobiodiversity, Horticulture