Caracterização ergonômica e operacional entre sistemas semi mecanizado e manual no transplante de hortaliças
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Data
2020-05-22
Autores
Moraes, Guilherme Aparecido Gomes de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A mecanização na horticultura é importante e deve ser implantada nas propriedades de modo a permitir ganhos em produção e em escala. A preocupação com a segurança daqueles que irão operar as máquinas deve ser constante, mantendo a integridade física do trabalhador rural. O presente trabalho foi realizado no município de Pardinho – SP, em uma área comercial de hortaliças, o qual teve por objetivo caracterizar, os postos de trabalho presentes em dois sistemas de transplante de hortaliças (manual e semi mecanizado). No plantio semi mecanizado realizou-se as medições dos níveis de ruído, vibração. E em ambos os sistemas, verificou-se os níveis de calor e possibilidade de morbidade osteomuscular nos postos de trabalho ocupados. Para o transplante das mudas no sistema mecanizado foi utilizado um conjunto composto por um trator da marca Agritech, modelo 1175, 4x2, com potência nominal de 65 cv, tracionando uma transplantadora de mudas de hortaliças de origem italiana da marca Fedele Mario, modelo MAX®. No sistema semi mecanizado foram analisados os 3 postos de trabalho ocupados pelos operadores da transplantadora e o posto de trabalho ocupado pelo operador do trator. Já no sistema manual foram analisados 3 postos de trabalho ocupados pelos trabalhadores. Os índices de ruído e vibração mecânica registrados nos postos ocupados na transplantadora não ofereceram riscos aos trabalhadores. Já a intensidade de ruído encontrada na área ocupada pelo operador do trator se encontra dentro do nível de ação. O risco de morbidade osteomuscular nos dois sistemas de transplante foi avaliado seguindo a aplicação do Check List de Couto e o Questionário Nórdico. Utilizou-se o Software de interpretação de imagens Kinovea®, de modo a quantificar o número de vezes que determinado membro se movimentou, qual o tempo e angulação do corpo do trabalhador ficou sobrecarregada. A fim de verificar semelhança entre os resultados obtidos, utilizou-se uma câmera termográfica para captar se a atividade provocou mudança de temperatura nos locais onde se deram as maiores queixas de dor. A coluna dos trabalhadores nos dois sistemas de transplante apresentaram maiores queixas de dor, sendo confirmado pela câmera termográfica que detectou aumento da temperatura nesses locais.
Mechanization in horticulture is important and must be implemented on the properties in order to allow for gains in production and scale. The concern for the safety of those who will operate the machines must be constant, maintaining the physical integrity of the rural worker. The present work was carried out in the municipality of Pardinho - SP, in a commercial vegetable area, which aimed to characterize, the jobs present in two vegetable transplant systems (manual and semi mechanized). In semi mechanized planting, measurements of noise and vibration levels were performed. And in both systems, the levels of heat and the possibility of musculoskeletal morbidity were verified in occupied jobs. For the transplantation of seedlings in the mechanized system, a set consisting of a tractor of the Agritech model, model 1175, 4x2, with a nominal power of 65 hp, was used, pulling a transplant of vegetable seedlings of Italian origin of the brand Fedele Mario, model MAX® . In the semi-mechanized system, the 3 jobs occupied by the transplant operator and the job occupied by the tractor operator were analyzed. In the manual system, 3 jobs occupied by workers were analyzed. The noise and mechanical vibration rates recorded in the posts occupied in the transplant did not pose any risk to workers. The noise intensity found in the area occupied by the tractor operator is within the action level. The risk of musculoskeletal morbidity in the two transplant systems was assessed using the Couto Check List and the Nordic Questionnaire. Kinovea® image interpretation software was used in order to quantify the number of times that a member moved, the time and angle of the worker's body was overloaded. In order to verify similarity between the results obtained, a thermographic camera was used to capture whether the activity caused a change in temperature in the places where the greatest complaints of pain occurred. The workers' spine in the two transplant systems showed greater pain complaints, being confirmed by the thermographic camera that detected an increase in temperature in these places.
Mechanization in horticulture is important and must be implemented on the properties in order to allow for gains in production and scale. The concern for the safety of those who will operate the machines must be constant, maintaining the physical integrity of the rural worker. The present work was carried out in the municipality of Pardinho - SP, in a commercial vegetable area, which aimed to characterize, the jobs present in two vegetable transplant systems (manual and semi mechanized). In semi mechanized planting, measurements of noise and vibration levels were performed. And in both systems, the levels of heat and the possibility of musculoskeletal morbidity were verified in occupied jobs. For the transplantation of seedlings in the mechanized system, a set consisting of a tractor of the Agritech model, model 1175, 4x2, with a nominal power of 65 hp, was used, pulling a transplant of vegetable seedlings of Italian origin of the brand Fedele Mario, model MAX® . In the semi-mechanized system, the 3 jobs occupied by the transplant operator and the job occupied by the tractor operator were analyzed. In the manual system, 3 jobs occupied by workers were analyzed. The noise and mechanical vibration rates recorded in the posts occupied in the transplant did not pose any risk to workers. The noise intensity found in the area occupied by the tractor operator is within the action level. The risk of musculoskeletal morbidity in the two transplant systems was assessed using the Couto Check List and the Nordic Questionnaire. Kinovea® image interpretation software was used in order to quantify the number of times that a member moved, the time and angle of the worker's body was overloaded. In order to verify similarity between the results obtained, a thermographic camera was used to capture whether the activity caused a change in temperature in the places where the greatest complaints of pain occurred. The workers' spine in the two transplant systems showed greater pain complaints, being confirmed by the thermographic camera that detected an increase in temperature in these places.
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Palavras-chave
Ergonomia, Horticultura, Mecanização, Segurança, Ergonomics, Horticulture, Mechanization, Safety