A compreensão dos conselheiros tutelares sobre os atendimentos de violência sexual infantojuvenil: conhecendo os impasses e as facilidades
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Data
2020-07-23
Autores
Vicente, Aparecido Renan [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes é um fenômeno que ainda carrega em seu cerne preconceitos e mitos, além de ser um assunto polêmico para a sociedade, ocasionando dificuldades aos profissionais que lidam diariamente com este assunto. Apesar dos conselheiros tutelares obterem informações acerca da violência sexual, essas não se tornam práticas no momento de atuação profissional, devido, entre outros fatores, à soma das dificuldades enfrentadas com as famílias, as políticas públicas e a falta de formação. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar a compreensão dos conselheiros tutelares no exercício de sua função, bem como daqueles que já não mais estão em exercício, quanto aos atendimentos de violência sexual contra criança e adolescente, de maneira a averiguar os impasses e as facilidades no manejo desta temática, além de buscar conhecer suas condutas em face da situação que se configura tal violência. Para tanto, foram entrevistados 6 (seis) conselheiros tutelares de 2 (dois) municípios do interior do Estado de São Paulo, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e tendo como instrumento um questionário elaborado pelo autor, composto por 22 (vinte e duas) questões que abarcavam acerca da violência sexual infantojuvenil. Para analisar os resultados, esta pesquisa de cunho qualitativo descritivo se amparou na análise de conteúdo de acordo com os procedimentos pormenorizados por Bardin. Após a análise das respostas obtidas nas entrevistas executadas, confeccionaram-se, por relevância teórica, quatro categorias: Conhecimento sobre violência e formação; Formação acerca da violência sexual; Estar no Conselho Tutelar e funções e porta de entrada; e políticas públicas e serviço especializado. Consoante os resultados, verificou-se que os conselheiros tutelares têm pouco conhecimento sobre o assunto e poucos realizaram algum curso que abordasse o tema da violência sexual. Quanto àqueles que revelaram ter passado por alguma modalidade de formação sobre este tema, apurou-se que a informação se vinculou a violência com toque, sem toque e psicológica. Destaca-se que conceitos aprofundados sobre este tema não foram verbalizados pelos conselheiros tutelares e, além disso, alguns revelaram ter dificuldades com profissionais que compõem o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente (SGDCA). Ademais, foi possível notar que o conhecimento acerca das atribuições de um conselheiro tutelar para salvaguardar os direitos da infância e da adolescência não são suficientes para a tomada de decisões e a resolução dos atendimentos dos casos de violência sexual, porquanto, para isso, é preciso a formação específica no tema atrelada à experiência de atuação na área.
Sexual violence against children and adolescents is a phenomenon that still carries prejudices and myths at its core, in addition to being a controversial issue for society, causing difficulties for professionals who deal with this issue on a daily basis. Although guardianship counselors obtain information about sexual violence, they do not become practical at the time of professional practice, due, among other factors, to the sum of the difficulties faced with families, public policies and the lack of training. In this sense, the present research had as main objective to investigate the understanding of the tutelary councilors in the exercise of their function, as well as of those who are no longer in exercise, regarding the attendance of sexual violence against children and adolescents, in order to investigate the impasses and the ease in handling this theme, in addition to seeking to know their behavior in the face of the situation that constitutes such violence. To this end, 6 (six) guardianship counselors from 2 (two) municipalities in the interior of the State of São Paulo were interviewed, through semistructured interviews and using a questionnaire prepared by the author, composed of 22 (twenty-two) questions that included sexual violence against children and adolescents. To analyze the results, this descriptive qualitative research was based on content analysis according to the procedures detailed by Bardin. After the analysis of the responses obtained in the interviews carried out, four categories were made, for theoretical relevance: Knowledge about violence and training; Training on sexual violence; Be on the Guardianship Council and functions and gateway; and public policies and specialized service. Depending on the results, it was found that the tutelary counselors have little knowledge on the subject and few have taken any course that addressed the topic of sexual violence. As for those who revealed that they had undergone some form of training on this topic, it was found that the information was linked to violence with touch, without touch and psychological. It is noteworthy that in-depth concepts on this topic were not verbalized by the tutelary counselors and, in addition, some revealed to have difficulties with professionals who make up the System for Guaranteeing the Rights of Children and Adolescents (SGDCA). In addition, it was possible to note that knowledge about the duties of a guardian counselor to safeguard the rights of children and adolescents is not sufficient for decision-making and resolving cases of sexual violence, as this requires specific training on the theme linked to the experience of acting in the area.
Sexual violence against children and adolescents is a phenomenon that still carries prejudices and myths at its core, in addition to being a controversial issue for society, causing difficulties for professionals who deal with this issue on a daily basis. Although guardianship counselors obtain information about sexual violence, they do not become practical at the time of professional practice, due, among other factors, to the sum of the difficulties faced with families, public policies and the lack of training. In this sense, the present research had as main objective to investigate the understanding of the tutelary councilors in the exercise of their function, as well as of those who are no longer in exercise, regarding the attendance of sexual violence against children and adolescents, in order to investigate the impasses and the ease in handling this theme, in addition to seeking to know their behavior in the face of the situation that constitutes such violence. To this end, 6 (six) guardianship counselors from 2 (two) municipalities in the interior of the State of São Paulo were interviewed, through semistructured interviews and using a questionnaire prepared by the author, composed of 22 (twenty-two) questions that included sexual violence against children and adolescents. To analyze the results, this descriptive qualitative research was based on content analysis according to the procedures detailed by Bardin. After the analysis of the responses obtained in the interviews carried out, four categories were made, for theoretical relevance: Knowledge about violence and training; Training on sexual violence; Be on the Guardianship Council and functions and gateway; and public policies and specialized service. Depending on the results, it was found that the tutelary counselors have little knowledge on the subject and few have taken any course that addressed the topic of sexual violence. As for those who revealed that they had undergone some form of training on this topic, it was found that the information was linked to violence with touch, without touch and psychological. It is noteworthy that in-depth concepts on this topic were not verbalized by the tutelary counselors and, in addition, some revealed to have difficulties with professionals who make up the System for Guaranteeing the Rights of Children and Adolescents (SGDCA). In addition, it was possible to note that knowledge about the duties of a guardian counselor to safeguard the rights of children and adolescents is not sufficient for decision-making and resolving cases of sexual violence, as this requires specific training on the theme linked to the experience of acting in the area.
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Palavras-chave
Políticas públicas, Serviço de proteção infantil, Violência sexual, Violência infantil