Não basta crescer, é preciso florescer: desligamento institucional por maioridade
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Data
2020-09-21
Autores
Silva, Daniela Aparecida da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o desligamento institucional por maioridade de adolescentes inseridos em serviços de acolhimento no município de Sorocaba/SP. Objetiva também, em caráter específico, verificar o trabalho realizado com os(as) jovens com vistas ao desacolhimento por maioridade, assim como identificar as políticas públicas existentes destinadas a este público alvo. É necessário compreender que as instituições de acolhimento se caracterizam como uma das nove medidas de proteção previstas no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) destinadas às crianças e aos adolescentes que passaram por situações envolvendo violação de direitos preconizados pelo ECA, são definidas como excepcionais e provisórias, cujo intuito é o retorno do público infanto-juvenil acolhido ao seio familiar. Nos casos onde há poucas e/ou nulas chances de retorno à família de origem, colocação em família substituta ou adoção, as crianças e adolescentes acolhidos (as) têm o seu desenvolvimento físico, psíquico, educacional e emocional dentro dos serviços de acolhimento e caminham, com a chegada dos 18 anos, ao desligamento institucional por maioridade. Como meio de analisar este tipo de desacolhimento, este estudo adotou abordagem qualitativa e desenvolveu pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, com fundamentação teórico-metodológica na perspectiva do materialismo histórico-dialético. A pesquisa de campo teve como cenário o município de Sorocaba - localizado no interior de São Paulo - e foi realizada a partir da realidade de uma instituição de acolhimento para crianças e adolescentes, cuja modalidade de acolhimento é Casa-Lar. A aproximação com a realidade social foi dada a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o (a) coordenador (a) da instituição e três profissionais que compõem a equipe técnica, proporcionando, deste modo, a compreensão das possibilidades e desafios inerentes ao desacolhimento por maioridade no município. Neste sentido, foi possível - a partir do objetivo proposto – verificar a invisibilidade perversa de adolescentes acolhidos (as) com vistas ao desligamento institucional por maioridade e a (des) proteção social que os assola fora dos muros institucionais, sendo necessária a reivindicação organizada pelo Sistema de Garantia de Direitos por políticas públicas e direitos preconizados pelo ECA e pelo Estatuto da Juventude que atendam ao melhor interesse desses sujeitos de direitos.
The present work has as general objective to analyze the institutional disconnection by adulthood of adolescents inserted in Institutional Home for Children and Young People in the city of Sorocaba/SP. It also aims, in a specific character, to verify the work done to the young people with a view to the institucional disconnection by adulthood, as well as identifying existing public policies aimed at this target audience. It is necessary to understand that the Institutional Home for Children and Young People are characterized as one of the nine protection measures provided for in the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA) for children and adolescents who have experienced situations involving violation of rights advocated by ECA, are defined as exceptional and provisional, whose purpose is the return of the children and youth public welcomed into the family. In cases where there are few or zero chances of returning to the family origin, placement in a substitute family or adoption, the children and adolescents welcomed have their physical, psychological, educational and emotional development within the Institutional Home and forwarding, with 18 years, to institutional disconnection by adulthood. As a means of analyzing this type of disconnection, the research was approached in a qualitative way and developed in a bibliographic research and field research, with theoretical-methodological basis in the perspective of historical-dialectical materialism. The field research took place in the city of Sorocaba - located in the interior of São Paulo - and was carried out based on the reality of a Institutional Home for Children and Young People, whose host modality is Casa-Lar. The approach to social reality was given through semi-structured interviews with the coordinator of the institution and three professionals who make up the technical team, providing an understanding of the possibilities and challenges inherent to institutional disconnection by adulthood in the county. It was possible - from the proposed objective - to verify the perverse invisibility of adolescents welcomed with a view to institutional disconnection by majority and the social vulnerability that plagues them outside the institution, being necessary the claim organized by the Rights Guarantee System for public policies and rights advocated by the ECA and the Youth Statute that serve the best interests of these subjects of rights.
The present work has as general objective to analyze the institutional disconnection by adulthood of adolescents inserted in Institutional Home for Children and Young People in the city of Sorocaba/SP. It also aims, in a specific character, to verify the work done to the young people with a view to the institucional disconnection by adulthood, as well as identifying existing public policies aimed at this target audience. It is necessary to understand that the Institutional Home for Children and Young People are characterized as one of the nine protection measures provided for in the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA) for children and adolescents who have experienced situations involving violation of rights advocated by ECA, are defined as exceptional and provisional, whose purpose is the return of the children and youth public welcomed into the family. In cases where there are few or zero chances of returning to the family origin, placement in a substitute family or adoption, the children and adolescents welcomed have their physical, psychological, educational and emotional development within the Institutional Home and forwarding, with 18 years, to institutional disconnection by adulthood. As a means of analyzing this type of disconnection, the research was approached in a qualitative way and developed in a bibliographic research and field research, with theoretical-methodological basis in the perspective of historical-dialectical materialism. The field research took place in the city of Sorocaba - located in the interior of São Paulo - and was carried out based on the reality of a Institutional Home for Children and Young People, whose host modality is Casa-Lar. The approach to social reality was given through semi-structured interviews with the coordinator of the institution and three professionals who make up the technical team, providing an understanding of the possibilities and challenges inherent to institutional disconnection by adulthood in the county. It was possible - from the proposed objective - to verify the perverse invisibility of adolescents welcomed with a view to institutional disconnection by majority and the social vulnerability that plagues them outside the institution, being necessary the claim organized by the Rights Guarantee System for public policies and rights advocated by the ECA and the Youth Statute that serve the best interests of these subjects of rights.
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Palavras-chave
Acolhimento institucional, Adolescentes/jovens, Desligamento, Maioridade, Políticas públicas, Institutional Home for Children and Young People, Teenagers/youth, Adulthood, Disconnection, Public policies