Avaliação de tratores agrícolas para pulverização na cultura do citros
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Data
2020-11-03
Autores
Gonzaga, Alex Rangel [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A mecanização agrícola tornou-se inevitável nos sistemas de produções agrícolas. Em busca de maiores capacidades operacionais, melhor qualidade das operações agrícolas, a realização de tarefas em menor espaço de tempo, conforto e elevação da produtividade do operador, menor consumo de combustível e redução de custos, as empresas têm investido cada vez mais em máquinas agrícolas que satisfaçam tais necessidades. Diante deste cenário, objetivou-se a) realizar a caracterização dimensional e ponderal dos tratores; b) avaliar critérios de ergonomia e segurança que garantem conforto aos operadores e c) opções de equilíbrio operacional em tratores por meio de alterações no índice de lastragem, calibragem dos pneus, avanço dinâmico da tração e seu reflexo no desempenho operacional em operações na cultura dos citros, de modo a permitir a seleção de tratores agrícolas de forma técnica. Foram avaliados tratores de diferentes marcas disponíveis no mercado brasileiro, de 66 kW, cabinados, com tração dianteira auxiliar (TDA) na operação de pulverização em citros. Os testes foram realizados em área citrícola do Grupo Citrosuco, localizada no município de Boa Esperança do Sul, São Paulo. Dentre as principais conclusões, destaca-se que existe variação entre os tratores agrícolas avaliados neste estudo quanto às características ponderais e dimensionais, auxiliando na seleção do trator que se adeque à condição da operação. A avaliação ergonômica, importante para assegurar conforto ao operador e facilitar sua rotina de trabalho, incrementando maior produtividade na sua jornada de trabalho, possibilitou verificar que mesmo tratores com menor largura, pode proporcionar condições adequadas de ergonomia, como observado no trator A. O equilíbrio dinâmico dos tratores, avaliados pela relação massa/potência e consumo de combustível, auxiliou na escolha para o modelo adequado para operação de pulverização em citros. Testes devem ser realizados para avaliar o comportamento do motor submetido à diferentes operações agrícolas.
- Agricultural mechanization has become inevitable in agricultural production systems. In search of higher operating income, better quality of agricultural operations, carrying out tasks in less time, comfort and increased operator productivity, lower fuel consumption and cost reduction, companies have increasingly invested in agricultural machinery that satisfy such needs. In this scenario, the objective of this essay was to perform the dimensional and weight characterization of the tractors; evaluate criteria for ergonomics and safety, guaranteeing operator comfort and operational balance options in tractors through changes in the index of ballasting, tire calibration, dynamic traction advancement and its impact on operational performance in citrus crop operations, in order to to allow the selection of agricultural tractors to be used in the cultivation of citrus in a technical way, investing more and more in agricultural machines that satisfy such needs. It was evaluated differents brands tractors available in Brazilian market, of 66 kW, cockpit, front wheel drive (FWD) in the citrus spraying operation. The tests were carried out in the citrus area of the Citrosuco Group, located in the municipality of Boa Esperança do Sul, São Paulo. Among the main conclusions, it can be highlighted that there is variation between the agricultural tractors evaluated in this study regarding the weight and dimensional characteristics, helping in the selection of the tractor that suits the condition of the operation. The ergonomic evaluation, important to ensure comfort to the operator and facilitate his work routine, increasing productivity in his workday, made it possible to verify that even tractors with smaller width, can provide adequate ergonomic conditions, as observed in tractor A. The dynamic balance of the tractors, evaluated by the mass/power ratio and fuel consumption, helped in choosing the appropriate model for citrus spraying operation. Tests must be carried out to evaluate the behavior of the engine submitted to different agricultural operations.There is variation between the agricultural tractors evaluated in this study regarding weight and dimensional characteristics. Ergonomic evaluation is important to ensure operator comfort and facilitate the work routine, increasing your productivity during your workday. The characteristics of the new engines can influence final consumption. New engines and adaptations will emerge meeting environmental norms. Tests must be carried out to evaluate the behavior of the engine submitted to different agricultural operations.
- Agricultural mechanization has become inevitable in agricultural production systems. In search of higher operating income, better quality of agricultural operations, carrying out tasks in less time, comfort and increased operator productivity, lower fuel consumption and cost reduction, companies have increasingly invested in agricultural machinery that satisfy such needs. In this scenario, the objective of this essay was to perform the dimensional and weight characterization of the tractors; evaluate criteria for ergonomics and safety, guaranteeing operator comfort and operational balance options in tractors through changes in the index of ballasting, tire calibration, dynamic traction advancement and its impact on operational performance in citrus crop operations, in order to to allow the selection of agricultural tractors to be used in the cultivation of citrus in a technical way, investing more and more in agricultural machines that satisfy such needs. It was evaluated differents brands tractors available in Brazilian market, of 66 kW, cockpit, front wheel drive (FWD) in the citrus spraying operation. The tests were carried out in the citrus area of the Citrosuco Group, located in the municipality of Boa Esperança do Sul, São Paulo. Among the main conclusions, it can be highlighted that there is variation between the agricultural tractors evaluated in this study regarding the weight and dimensional characteristics, helping in the selection of the tractor that suits the condition of the operation. The ergonomic evaluation, important to ensure comfort to the operator and facilitate his work routine, increasing productivity in his workday, made it possible to verify that even tractors with smaller width, can provide adequate ergonomic conditions, as observed in tractor A. The dynamic balance of the tractors, evaluated by the mass/power ratio and fuel consumption, helped in choosing the appropriate model for citrus spraying operation. Tests must be carried out to evaluate the behavior of the engine submitted to different agricultural operations.There is variation between the agricultural tractors evaluated in this study regarding weight and dimensional characteristics. Ergonomic evaluation is important to ensure operator comfort and facilitate the work routine, increasing your productivity during your workday. The characteristics of the new engines can influence final consumption. New engines and adaptations will emerge meeting environmental norms. Tests must be carried out to evaluate the behavior of the engine submitted to different agricultural operations.
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Palavras-chave
Citricultura, Mecanização agrícola, Ergonomia, Consumo de combustível, Equilíbrio operacional