A influência do uso de smartphone nos comportamentos relacionados à atividade física, desempenho escolar e privação de sono dos adolescentes
Carregando...
Data
2020-12-21
Autores
Souza, Elaine Fernanda Dornelas de
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
INTRODUÇÃO: Nas últimas décadas, os avanços tecnológicos proporcionaram indiscutíveis benefícios à sociedade. Os smartphones fazem parte destes avanços e podem ser usados para diversos fins, sem restrição ao tempo e espaço, no entanto, o aumento do uso e da acessibilidade deve ser acompanhado, pois pode acarretar danos à saúde. OBJETIVO: Analisar se o uso de smartphone está associado à comportamentos relacionados à má qualidade do sono, comportamento sedentário, baixo nível de atividade física e baixo desempenho acadêmico de estudantes dos 6 os ao 9os anos, matriculados em escolas estaduais de tempo parcial da cidade de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo. MÉTODO: Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos. ESTUDO 1: Construção e validação do instrumento “Smartphone Influence Scale For Adolescentes”(SISA) para identificar a influência do uso de smartphone no comportamento de adolescentes e ESTUDO 2: Associação do uso de smartphone com comportamentos relacionados à saúde dos adolescentes. ESTUDO 1: Participaram 292 estudantes do 6 os a 9 os anos, matriculados na rede pública e particular. São apresentadas análises descritivas para verificar a consistência da amostra e para estimar os fatores de Bartlett e Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin. O teste de comunalidade (h2) foi utilizado para indicar a capacidade explicativa das questões. A rotação oblíqua foi usada na análise fatorial exploratória para estimar os construtos. O teste de Cronbach para estimar a consistência interna da escala, global e por domínio. Para determinar o ponto de corte de classificação do SISA, utilizou-se a curva ROC e seus parâmetros (sensibilidade, especificidade e área sob a curva), comparando os resultados do SISA a outros instrumentos psicológicos. A análise fatorial resultou em 4 fatores: Sintomas Emocionais; Interrupção da Vida Diária; Relações orientadas pela Realidade Virtual e Saúde Física, o de Cronbach foi de 0,91, o que mostrou confiabilidade e validade para uso de smartphones tanto questionário geral como para cada um dos quatro domínios. ESTUDO 2 contou com 1739 estudantes de 6º ao 9º anos de escolas públicas e teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do uso do smartphone no comportamento em adolescentes. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado pelo acelerômetro e aspectos gerais do comportamento foi analisado por: Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh; Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale, Escala de Impulsividade); Inventário de Fobia Social, Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg e o nível sociodemográfico pela Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa. Foram realizadas medidas descritivas, razão de chance (Odds Ratio). RESULTADOS: Os participantes se caracterizam pelo baixo perfil socioeconômico. Estudantes com mais idade apresentaram maior influência pelo uso de smartphone, maior permanência em comportamento sedentário e mais sintomas emocionais. Os participantes sem influência de smartphone se mostraram fisicamente mais ativos e com melhor desempenho acadêmico. Participantes do sexo feminino são mais influenciados pelo uso do smartphone, sendo menos ativo fisicamente, com maior distúrbios de sonolência diurna e mais sintomas de fobia social. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que o uso do smartphone influência comportamentos da vida diária relacionados à atividade física e desempenho acadêmico principalmente nas adolescentes do sexo feminino.
BACKGROUND: In recent decades, technological advances have provided indisputable benefits to society. Smartphones are part of these advances and can be used for various purposes, without restrictions on time and space, however, the increase in use and accessibility must be accompanied, as it can cause damage to health. OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether smartphone use is associated with behaviors related to poor sleep quality, sedentary behavior, low level of physical activity and low academic performance of students aged 6 to 9 years, enrolled in part-time state schools in the city of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo. METHOD: For this purpose, two studies were developed. STUDY 1: Construction and validation of the “Smartphone Influence Scale For Adolescents” (SISA) instrument to identify the influence of smartphone use on adolescent behavior and STUDY 2: Association of smartphone use with adolescent health-related behaviors. STUDY 1: 292 students from 6 to 9 years old, enrolled in public and private schools, participated. Descriptive analyzes are presented to verify the consistency of the sample and to estimate the Bartlett and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin factors. The commonality test (h2) was used to indicate the explanatory capacity of the questions. Oblique rotation was used in exploratory factor analysis to estimate the constructs. The Cronbach teste test to estimate the internal consistency of the scale, global and by domain. To determine the SISA classification cutoff point, the ROC curve and its parameters (sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve) were used, comparing the SISA results to other psychological instruments. The factor analysis resulted in 4 factors: Emotional Symptoms; Interruption of Daily Life; Relationships oriented by Virtual Reality and Physical Health, Cronbach's foi was 0.91, which showed reliability and validity for smartphone use, both as a general questionnaire and for each of the four domains. STUDY 2 had 1739 students from the 6th to the 9th years of public schools and aimed to evaluate the influence of smartphone use on behavior in adolescents. The level of physical activity was assessed by the accelerometer and general aspects of behavior were analyzed by: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale, Impulsivity Scale); Social Phobia Inventory, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and the socio-demographic level by the Brazilian Association of Research Companies. Descriptive measures, odds ratio (Odds Ratio) were performed. RESULTS: Participants are characterized by low socioeconomic profile. Older students showed greater influence through the use of smartphones, more permanence in sedentary behavior and more emotional symptoms. Participants without smartphone influence were physically more active and had better academic performance. Female participants are more influenced by the use of the smartphone, being less physically active, with greater disturbances of daytime sleepiness and more symptoms of social phobia. CONCLUSION: The results show that the use of smartphones influences behaviors of daily life related to physical activity and academic performance, especially among female adolescents.
BACKGROUND: In recent decades, technological advances have provided indisputable benefits to society. Smartphones are part of these advances and can be used for various purposes, without restrictions on time and space, however, the increase in use and accessibility must be accompanied, as it can cause damage to health. OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether smartphone use is associated with behaviors related to poor sleep quality, sedentary behavior, low level of physical activity and low academic performance of students aged 6 to 9 years, enrolled in part-time state schools in the city of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo. METHOD: For this purpose, two studies were developed. STUDY 1: Construction and validation of the “Smartphone Influence Scale For Adolescents” (SISA) instrument to identify the influence of smartphone use on adolescent behavior and STUDY 2: Association of smartphone use with adolescent health-related behaviors. STUDY 1: 292 students from 6 to 9 years old, enrolled in public and private schools, participated. Descriptive analyzes are presented to verify the consistency of the sample and to estimate the Bartlett and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin factors. The commonality test (h2) was used to indicate the explanatory capacity of the questions. Oblique rotation was used in exploratory factor analysis to estimate the constructs. The Cronbach teste test to estimate the internal consistency of the scale, global and by domain. To determine the SISA classification cutoff point, the ROC curve and its parameters (sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve) were used, comparing the SISA results to other psychological instruments. The factor analysis resulted in 4 factors: Emotional Symptoms; Interruption of Daily Life; Relationships oriented by Virtual Reality and Physical Health, Cronbach's foi was 0.91, which showed reliability and validity for smartphone use, both as a general questionnaire and for each of the four domains. STUDY 2 had 1739 students from the 6th to the 9th years of public schools and aimed to evaluate the influence of smartphone use on behavior in adolescents. The level of physical activity was assessed by the accelerometer and general aspects of behavior were analyzed by: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale, Impulsivity Scale); Social Phobia Inventory, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and the socio-demographic level by the Brazilian Association of Research Companies. Descriptive measures, odds ratio (Odds Ratio) were performed. RESULTS: Participants are characterized by low socioeconomic profile. Older students showed greater influence through the use of smartphones, more permanence in sedentary behavior and more emotional symptoms. Participants without smartphone influence were physically more active and had better academic performance. Female participants are more influenced by the use of the smartphone, being less physically active, with greater disturbances of daytime sleepiness and more symptoms of social phobia. CONCLUSION: The results show that the use of smartphones influences behaviors of daily life related to physical activity and academic performance, especially among female adolescents.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Smartphone, Comportamento sedentário, Atividade motora, Sono, Saúde do adolescente, Desempenho acadêmico, Sedentary behavior, Motor activity, Sleep, Adolescent health, Academic achievement