Fitorremediação em águas contaminadas com o hormônio estriol
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Data
2020-10-14
Autores
Lazaro, Lais Carine Candido
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A fitorremediação é uma técnica que se baseia no cultivo de plantas para assimilar e remover poluentes da água, do solo e do ar. Nesse processo, os vegetais devem atender a alguns requisitos, como alta biomassa, crescimento rápido e alto acúmulo de nutrientes. Eichhornia crassipes, vulgarmente conhecida como aguapé, é uma espécie de macrófita aquática flutuante, que tem como característica rápida proliferação, adaptação a diferentes condições ambientais e grande capacidade de absorção de nutrientes. Nos últimos anos, vários produtos farmacêuticos tornaram-se contaminantes emergentes, devido à sua liberação contínua em ambientes aquáticos através de várias maneiras, o que apresenta ameaças potencialmente sérias à saúde e ao ecossistema humano. Esses produtos são descartados e excretados em altas concentrações como metabólitos ativos e pode ter como destino sistemas de coleta de águas de mananciais. Dentre as classes de medicamentos, existem os hormônios esteroides naturais e sintéticos, nos quais encontra-se o estriol (estrogênio mais abundante nos mamíferos no período de gestação). Em formas conjugadas, presentes na urina, são rapidamente hidrolisadas, regenerando-o em sua forma livre e, consequentemente, transformando esse hormônio em poluente da água, o que pode representar uma ameaça para os seres humanos e organismos aquáticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um sistema de pequena escala para a análise da eficiência de E. crassipes no processo de fitorremediação na presença do estriol em água, utilizando técnica de morfologia vegetal e Inteligência Artificial. Para isso, espécimes de aguapés foram coletados em um lago particular localizado no Bairro Chácara de Recreio Jardim Alvorada, Botucatu/SP e transferidas para vasos de polipropileno transparentes com 50 L, onde foram analisadas amostras para a observação de alterações morfo-anatômicas (tamanho da folha, pecíolo, raiz, pelos radiculares, massa fresca e caracterização anatômica dos tecidos). Dentre as variáveis analisadas, o tamanho do pelo radicular apresentou significativa diferenciação, uma vez que é a região de maior absorção da planta vegetal fitorremediadora. Posteriormente, foram coletadas imagens amostrais das raízes, para um treinamento e uma avaliação do poder de generalização de um modelo de Inteligência Artificial. Este demonstrou uma margem de erro, porém a tecnologia é algo relevante para facilitar análises de tamanhos de pelos radiculares de raízes expostas ao estriol. Com isso, a planta E. crassipes demonstrou um promissor potencial de fitorremediação em sistemas de águas contaminadas com o hormônio estriol, se mostrando uma espécie importante em processos de fitorremediação.
Phytoremediation is a technique based on growing plants to assimilate and remove pollutants from water, soil and air. In this process, vegetables must meet certain requirements, such as high biomass, rapid growth and high accumulation of nutrients. Eichhornia crassipes, commonly known as water hyacinth, is a species of floating aquatic macrophyte, whose characteristic is rapid proliferation, adaptation to different environmental conditions and great capacity for absorption of nutrients. In recent years, several pharmaceutical products have become emerging contaminants, due to their continued release into aquatic environments through various ways, which presents potentially serious threats to health and the human ecosystem. These products are discarded and excreted in high concentrations as active metabolites and may be destined for spring water collection systems. Among the classes of drugs, there are the natural and synthetic steroid hormones, in which estriol (the most abundant estrogen in mammals during pregnancy) is found. In conjugated forms, present in the urine, they are rapidly hydrolyzed, regenerating it in its free form and, consequently, transforming this hormone into a water pollutant, which can pose a threat to humans and aquatic organisms. The objective of this work was to develop a small-scale system for the analysis of the efficiency of E. crassipes in the phytoremediation process in the presence of estriol in water, using the technique of plant morphology and Artificial Intelligence. For this, water hyacinth specimens were collected in a private lake located in the Chácara de Recreio Jardim Alvorada neighborhood, Botucatu/SP and transferred to 50 L transparent polypropylene vases, where samples were analyzed for the observation of morpho-anatomical changes (size of the leaf, petiole, root, root hair, fresh mass and anatomical characterization of tissues). Among the variables analyzed, the size of the root hair showed significant differentiation, since it is the region of greatest absorption of the phytoremediation plant. Subsequently, sample images of the roots were collected for training and an assessment of the generalization power of an Artificial Intelligence model. This demonstrated a margin of error, but the technology is relevant to facilitate analysis of root hair sizes of roots exposed to estriol. With this, the E. crassipes plant demonstrated a promising phytoremediation potential in water systems contaminated with estriol, showing itself to be an important species in phytoremediation processes.
Phytoremediation is a technique based on growing plants to assimilate and remove pollutants from water, soil and air. In this process, vegetables must meet certain requirements, such as high biomass, rapid growth and high accumulation of nutrients. Eichhornia crassipes, commonly known as water hyacinth, is a species of floating aquatic macrophyte, whose characteristic is rapid proliferation, adaptation to different environmental conditions and great capacity for absorption of nutrients. In recent years, several pharmaceutical products have become emerging contaminants, due to their continued release into aquatic environments through various ways, which presents potentially serious threats to health and the human ecosystem. These products are discarded and excreted in high concentrations as active metabolites and may be destined for spring water collection systems. Among the classes of drugs, there are the natural and synthetic steroid hormones, in which estriol (the most abundant estrogen in mammals during pregnancy) is found. In conjugated forms, present in the urine, they are rapidly hydrolyzed, regenerating it in its free form and, consequently, transforming this hormone into a water pollutant, which can pose a threat to humans and aquatic organisms. The objective of this work was to develop a small-scale system for the analysis of the efficiency of E. crassipes in the phytoremediation process in the presence of estriol in water, using the technique of plant morphology and Artificial Intelligence. For this, water hyacinth specimens were collected in a private lake located in the Chácara de Recreio Jardim Alvorada neighborhood, Botucatu/SP and transferred to 50 L transparent polypropylene vases, where samples were analyzed for the observation of morpho-anatomical changes (size of the leaf, petiole, root, root hair, fresh mass and anatomical characterization of tissues). Among the variables analyzed, the size of the root hair showed significant differentiation, since it is the region of greatest absorption of the phytoremediation plant. Subsequently, sample images of the roots were collected for training and an assessment of the generalization power of an Artificial Intelligence model. This demonstrated a margin of error, but the technology is relevant to facilitate analysis of root hair sizes of roots exposed to estriol. With this, the E. crassipes plant demonstrated a promising phytoremediation potential in water systems contaminated with estriol, showing itself to be an important species in phytoremediation processes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Águas residuais, Biorremediação, Eichhornia crassipes, Macrófita aquática, Saúde