Aplicação de eucalipto como espécie bioindicadora em processo de fitorremediação de Cu e Zn em solos contaminados
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Data
2021-04-16
Autores
Silva, Gustavo Duarte
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de bioindicadores apresenta a vantagem de possibilitar a detecção de potenciais poluentes de forma rápida, contínua e com baixo custo. Algumas espécies apresentam grande potencial para esse fim, podendo ser apropriadas para a revegetação de áreas contaminadas e ainda propiciar retorno econômico. Ainda existem poucos estudos sobre o Eucalyptus spp., que é a principal espécie arbórea da silvicultura brasileira e possui grande potencial para fitoestabilizar solos contaminados. Neste trabalho foi realizada a montagem de um sistema, a fim de determinar a capacidade de detecção de contaminantes Zinco e Cobre (Zn e Cu) presentes no solo com o uso de enxertos de Eucalyptus urophylla e Eucalyptus grandis. Os sistemas foram montados com solos preparados com os metais e amenizantes contendo elevados teores de matéria orgânica. O processo de biomonitoramento foi avaliado pela concentração de metais nas plantas anterior ao processo de fitorremediação. Após o período de contato do sistema solo-planta foi determinada a concentração de metais, no solo, raiz, caule e folhas. Todos os parâmetros estudados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas paramétricas usuais, com os dados agrupados em planilhas eletrônicas e submetidos à análise de variância. O índice de translocação foi determinado para averiguar o potencial uso desta espécie como bioindicador de contaminação de solo. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o biomonitoramento de Cu por espécies de Eucalyptus Urograndis é uma alternativa viável e que o biochar favorece o uso da planta para este fim.
The use of bioindicators has the advantage of enabling the continuous detection of potential pollutants quickly and at low cost. Some species of seedlings have great potential for this purpose, and may be appropriate for the revegetation of contaminated areas and still provide economic return. In this work, the assembly of a system was carried out in order to determine the detection capacity of contaminants Zinc and Copper (Zn and Cu) of the soil using grafts of Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis. The systems were assembled with contaminants (Cu and Zn) and softeners (peat and biochar). The metal content (zinc and copper) in the plants before the process was determined by sampling (choosing plants at random) and the metal content in the soils was determined through physical-chemical characterization and laboratory tests. After a contact period of 3 months, the concentration of metals in the plant parts and in the soil was determined. All parameters studied were subjected to usual parametric statistical analysis, with the data grouped in electronic spreadsheets and subjected to analysis of variance. The translocation index was determined to ascertain the potential use of these species as a bioindicator of soil contamination. The results suggests that biomonitoring Cu through seedlings is a viable alternative and biochar enhances the use of the plant for this purpose.
The use of bioindicators has the advantage of enabling the continuous detection of potential pollutants quickly and at low cost. Some species of seedlings have great potential for this purpose, and may be appropriate for the revegetation of contaminated areas and still provide economic return. In this work, the assembly of a system was carried out in order to determine the detection capacity of contaminants Zinc and Copper (Zn and Cu) of the soil using grafts of Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis. The systems were assembled with contaminants (Cu and Zn) and softeners (peat and biochar). The metal content (zinc and copper) in the plants before the process was determined by sampling (choosing plants at random) and the metal content in the soils was determined through physical-chemical characterization and laboratory tests. After a contact period of 3 months, the concentration of metals in the plant parts and in the soil was determined. All parameters studied were subjected to usual parametric statistical analysis, with the data grouped in electronic spreadsheets and subjected to analysis of variance. The translocation index was determined to ascertain the potential use of these species as a bioindicator of soil contamination. The results suggests that biomonitoring Cu through seedlings is a viable alternative and biochar enhances the use of the plant for this purpose.
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Palavras-chave
Bioindicadores, Metais, Recuperação e remediação ambiental, soil remediation