Alterações de cor e brilho de cerâmicas CAD/CAM maquiadas e/ou glazeadas após termociclagem e escovação com dentifrícios convencional e clareador.
Data
2021-08-09
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo objetivou avaliar as alterações de cor e brilho de cerâmicas monolíticas CAD/CAM, maquiadas e/ou glazeadas, à base de porcelana feldspática com alto teor de leucita (EMP; IPS Empress® CAD), dissilicato de lítio (EMAX; IPS e.max® CAD), zircônia totalmente estabilizada de alta translucidez (PAN; Prettau® 4 Anterior®) e uma cerâmica híbrida (ENA; VITA Enamic®), após escovação com diferentes dentifrícios, convencional e clareador, seguida de termociclagem. Para cada material, espécimes (n=40, 12 x 10 x 1,5 mm) foram obtidos e divididos nos grupos: STAIN/GLAZE (n=20), em que receberam aplicação de seu respectivo pigmento extrínseco (stain) e glaze; ou GLAZE (n=20), em que receberam somente o glaze. Em seguida, foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois subgrupos a serem submetidos ao envelhecimento termomecânico acelerado por ensaio de escovação (50.000 ciclos, carga vertical 1,96N e 1,0 Hz), variando o tipo de dentifrício em convencional (n=10, Colgate Total 12 Clean Mint, RDA 70) ou clareador (n=10, Colgate Total 12 Professional Whitening, RDA 96); e à termociclagem (6.000 ciclos, 5,0-55ºC, 30 s), totalizando 5 anos de simulação clínica. Dados iniciais e após o envelhecimento foram obtidos com espectrofotômetro (VITA Easyshade® V) de acordo com os parâmetros CIELAB (L*, a* e b*) ou CIEDE2000 (L*, C* e H*) para o cálculo da alteração de cor (ΔEab e ΔE00) e do brilho (ΔL). Os dados foram analisados quanto à normalidade (Shapiro-Wilk) e homogeneidade de variâncias (Levene) com α=0,05. Foram conduzidas 2-way ANOVAs, corrigidas por método de Welch e pós teste de Games-Howell (α=0,05). Independente do dentifrício, ENA apresentou os maiores valores (p<0,01) de ΔEab e ΔE00 para amostras do grupo GLAZE e STAIN/GLAZE. Amostras de PAN apresentaram alterações significativas de ΔEab do grupo STAIN/GLAZE em relação a EMP e EMAX e de ΔE00 dos grupos GLAZE e STAIN/GLAZE em relação a EMAX. Com exceção de EMP, os demais materiais do grupo GLAZE apresentaram diminuição do brilho após escovação com dentifrício convencional. PAN e ENA apresentaram redução do brilho após escovação com dentifrício clareador do grupo GLAZE. ENA do grupo STAIN/GLAZE apresentou a maior redução de brilho, independente do dentifrício. Apenas ENA apresentou valores de ΔEab clinicamente perceptíveis (ΔEab > 1,2). Todos os grupos produziram valores clinicamente aceitáveis para ΔEab (< 2,7) e ΔE00 (< 1,8). No geral, a cor e o brilho das cerâmicas CAD/CAM maquiadas e/ou glazeadas alteraram após o envelhecimento termomecânico, com escovação seguida de termociclagem. Apesar de influenciar a cor e o brilho de alguns materiais, os diferentes dentifrícios não foram fator de variação clinicamente significante nas propriedades ópticas avaliadas das cerâmicas monolíticas caracterizadas extrinsecamente.
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the changes in color and brightness of extrinsically stained and/or glazed CAD/CAM ceramic materials from leucitereinforced glass ceramic ([EMP], IPS Empress® CAD), lithium disilicate ([EMAX], IPS e.max® CAD), high translucent fully-stabilized zirconia ([PAN], Prettau® 4 Anterior®), and a hybrid ceramic ([ENA], VITA Enamic®) after toothbrushing with conventional and whitening dentifrices, followed by thermocycling. Bar-shaped (n=40; 12 x 10 x 1.5 mm) specimens were obtained and divided into two groups according to the surface treatment: glazed only (n=20; GLAZE) or stained then glazed (n=20; STAIN/GLAZE). Each group were subdivided in two other groups to be subjected to accelerated thermomechanical aging by toothbrushing (50,000 cycles, 1.96 N, 1.0 Hz), varying the dentifrice type in conventional (n=10; Colgate Total 12 Clean Mint, RDA 70) or whitening (n=10; Colgate Total 12 Professional Whitening, RDA 96), and thermocycling (6,000 cycles, 5.0-55ºC, 30 s), simulating 5 years of clinical service. Initial and post-aging data were obtained with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade® V) according to CIELAB (L*, a* and b*), and CIEDE2000 (L*, C* and H*) parameters to calculate changes in color (ΔEab and ΔE00), and brightness (ΔL). The data were analyzed for normality (Shapiro-Wilk; α=0.05), and homogeneity of variances (Levene; α=0.05). 2-way ANOVA followed by Welch’s method, and Games-Howell post-test (p<0.05) were performed. Regardless the dentifrice, ENA presented the highest ΔEab (p<0.01) and ΔE00 (p<0.01) values from GLAZE and STAIN/GLAZE groups. Compared to EMP and EMAX, PAN samples showed significant changes in ΔEab from the STAIN/GLAZE group and in ΔE00 from the GLAZE and STAIN/GLAZE groups, in relation to EMAX. Except for EMP, the other materials of the GLAZE group showed a decrease in brightness after conventional brushing. PAN and ENA from the GLAZE group showed reduced brightness after brushing with whitening dentifrice. ENA from the STAIN/GLAZE group presented the greatest reduction in brightness, regardless of the dentifrice. Only ENA showed ΔEab values above clinically perceptible treshold (ΔEab > 1.2). All groups presented clinically acceptable values for ΔEab (< 2.7), and ΔE00 (< 1.8). In fact, the color and brightness of the extrinsically stained and/or glazed CAD/CAM ceramics changed after thermomechanical aging by means of toothbrushing followed by thermocycling. Despite influencing the color and brightness of some materials, the different dentifrices were not a clinically significant variation factor in the optical properties evaluated for the extrinsically characterized monolithic ceramics.
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the changes in color and brightness of extrinsically stained and/or glazed CAD/CAM ceramic materials from leucitereinforced glass ceramic ([EMP], IPS Empress® CAD), lithium disilicate ([EMAX], IPS e.max® CAD), high translucent fully-stabilized zirconia ([PAN], Prettau® 4 Anterior®), and a hybrid ceramic ([ENA], VITA Enamic®) after toothbrushing with conventional and whitening dentifrices, followed by thermocycling. Bar-shaped (n=40; 12 x 10 x 1.5 mm) specimens were obtained and divided into two groups according to the surface treatment: glazed only (n=20; GLAZE) or stained then glazed (n=20; STAIN/GLAZE). Each group were subdivided in two other groups to be subjected to accelerated thermomechanical aging by toothbrushing (50,000 cycles, 1.96 N, 1.0 Hz), varying the dentifrice type in conventional (n=10; Colgate Total 12 Clean Mint, RDA 70) or whitening (n=10; Colgate Total 12 Professional Whitening, RDA 96), and thermocycling (6,000 cycles, 5.0-55ºC, 30 s), simulating 5 years of clinical service. Initial and post-aging data were obtained with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade® V) according to CIELAB (L*, a* and b*), and CIEDE2000 (L*, C* and H*) parameters to calculate changes in color (ΔEab and ΔE00), and brightness (ΔL). The data were analyzed for normality (Shapiro-Wilk; α=0.05), and homogeneity of variances (Levene; α=0.05). 2-way ANOVA followed by Welch’s method, and Games-Howell post-test (p<0.05) were performed. Regardless the dentifrice, ENA presented the highest ΔEab (p<0.01) and ΔE00 (p<0.01) values from GLAZE and STAIN/GLAZE groups. Compared to EMP and EMAX, PAN samples showed significant changes in ΔEab from the STAIN/GLAZE group and in ΔE00 from the GLAZE and STAIN/GLAZE groups, in relation to EMAX. Except for EMP, the other materials of the GLAZE group showed a decrease in brightness after conventional brushing. PAN and ENA from the GLAZE group showed reduced brightness after brushing with whitening dentifrice. ENA from the STAIN/GLAZE group presented the greatest reduction in brightness, regardless of the dentifrice. Only ENA showed ΔEab values above clinically perceptible treshold (ΔEab > 1.2). All groups presented clinically acceptable values for ΔEab (< 2.7), and ΔE00 (< 1.8). In fact, the color and brightness of the extrinsically stained and/or glazed CAD/CAM ceramics changed after thermomechanical aging by means of toothbrushing followed by thermocycling. Despite influencing the color and brightness of some materials, the different dentifrices were not a clinically significant variation factor in the optical properties evaluated for the extrinsically characterized monolithic ceramics.
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Palavras-chave
Cerâmica, Desenho assistido por computador, Cor, Escovação dentária, Envelhecimento, Ceramics, Computer-aided design, Color, Toothbrushing, Aging