As determinações territoriais dos projetos financiados pelos comitês de bacias hidrográficas dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí
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Data
2021-12-15
Autores
Silva, Gabriel Lucas da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A água é um elemento natural essencial para a reprodução da vida humana e das sociedades. Porém, assim como outros atributos naturais a água não se distribui de maneira uniforme nos territórios, ocasionando regiões com grande disponibilidade e áreas de escassez. Com a expansão industrial e urbana os usos passaram a ser mais intensos e a pressão sobre os recursos hídricos levaram a uma diminuição da quantidade e qualidade da água boa para o consumo. A preocupação ambiental no Brasil ganha visibilidade a partir da segunda metade do século XX e com isso se inicia uma mudança de paradigmas sobre as leis de águas. A partir da constituição de 1988 inicia-se uma perspectiva de gestão descentralizada, abrindo preceitos para a criação de novos espaços de discussão e tomadas de decisão. Surgem assim os Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas dos Rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiai (PCJ). Os Comitês PCJ têm por objetivo fazer a gestão da região hidrográfica do PCJ em conjunto com os setores sociais que atuam e vivem nas bacias. A cobrança pelo uso da água foi regulamentada pela Lei de Águas (1997) e consiste em cobrar um preço público dos usuários que se utilizam de grandes quantidades de água ou que lançam efluentes nocivos a qualidade dos recursos hídricos das bacias hidrográficas. Os recursos adquiridos devem ser utilizados para diminuir os impactos e aumentar a qualidade e quantidade da água na bacia, melhorando as condições socioambientais da região. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as determinações territoriais dos projetos financiados pelos Comitês PCJ com os recursos adquiridos a partir da “Cobrança pelo uso da água”, notou-se que os investimentos territoriais foram, prioritariamente, nas áreas relacionadas a coleta e o tratamento de esgoto urbano, aumentando a quantidade e a qualidade da água na maioria dos municípios, sendo possível constatar um representativo avanço nos indicadores socioambientais. Ainda há locais que necessitam de investimentos, pois apresentaram indicies abaixo do estabelecido no pela Agência PCJ, demonstrando que ainda há diferenças substanciais entre os municípios consorciados.
Water is an essential natural element for the reproduction of human life and societies. However, like other natural attributes, water is not evenly distributed across territories, causing regions with high availability and scarcity areas. With the industrial and urban expansion, uses became more intense and pressure on water resources led to a decrease in the quantity and quality of water that is good for consumption. The environmental concern in Brazil only gained visibility from the second half of the 20th century onwards, and with that, a change of paradigms about water laws began. From the constitution of 1988 onwards, a perspective of decentralized management began, opening precepts for the creation of new spaces for discussion and decision-making. Thus arises the Hydrographic Basin Committees of the Piracicaba, Capivari, and Jundiaí Rivers (PCJ). The PCJ Committees aim to manage the PCJ's hydrographic region together with the social sectors that operate in the basins. Charging for the use of water was regulated by the Water Law (1997) and consists of charging a public price to users who use large amounts of water or who release effluents that are harmful to quality in the watercourses of the watersheds. The resources acquired must be used to reduce impacts and increase the quality and quantity of water by improving the socio-environmental conditions of the region. The present work aims to analyze the territorial determinations of the financial projects by the PCJ Committees with the resources acquired from "Charging for the use of water", it was noted that the territorial investments were, primarily, in areas related to collection and treatment of urban sewage, increasing the quantity and quality of water in most municipalities, and it is possible to see a significant advance in socio-environmental indicators. There are that places that delimit investments because indices dissipated below that established by the PCJ Agency, demonstrating that there are still substantial differences between the consortium municipalities.
Water is an essential natural element for the reproduction of human life and societies. However, like other natural attributes, water is not evenly distributed across territories, causing regions with high availability and scarcity areas. With the industrial and urban expansion, uses became more intense and pressure on water resources led to a decrease in the quantity and quality of water that is good for consumption. The environmental concern in Brazil only gained visibility from the second half of the 20th century onwards, and with that, a change of paradigms about water laws began. From the constitution of 1988 onwards, a perspective of decentralized management began, opening precepts for the creation of new spaces for discussion and decision-making. Thus arises the Hydrographic Basin Committees of the Piracicaba, Capivari, and Jundiaí Rivers (PCJ). The PCJ Committees aim to manage the PCJ's hydrographic region together with the social sectors that operate in the basins. Charging for the use of water was regulated by the Water Law (1997) and consists of charging a public price to users who use large amounts of water or who release effluents that are harmful to quality in the watercourses of the watersheds. The resources acquired must be used to reduce impacts and increase the quality and quantity of water by improving the socio-environmental conditions of the region. The present work aims to analyze the territorial determinations of the financial projects by the PCJ Committees with the resources acquired from "Charging for the use of water", it was noted that the territorial investments were, primarily, in areas related to collection and treatment of urban sewage, increasing the quantity and quality of water in most municipalities, and it is possible to see a significant advance in socio-environmental indicators. There are that places that delimit investments because indices dissipated below that established by the PCJ Agency, demonstrating that there are still substantial differences between the consortium municipalities.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Água, Bacia hidrográfica, Determinações territoriais, Socioambiental, Water, Watersheds, Territorial determinations, Socio-environmental