Soberania e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional na formação de Bacharelados em Gastronomia no Brasil
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Data
2022-01-13
Autores
Sugizaki, Barbara Cassetari
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho de dissertação de mestrado encontra-se dividido em uma Introdução Expandida que trata a Gastronomia a partir de duas perspectivas – uma Gastronomia Hegemônica e uma Gastronomia Contra-Hegemônica – e uma segunda parte que trata a Soberania e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SSAN). Também é composto por três capítulos, referentes aos artigos produzidos nesta dissertação. Objetivo: Investigar em quais ênfases o conhecimento sobre a SSAN é mobilizado nas práticas acadêmicas de discentes e docentes do Bacharelado em Gastronomia. Perpassará assim as múltiplas áreas de conhecimento que compõe o campo de conhecimento da Gastronomia, a formação superior em cursos de bacharelado em Gastronomia e a construção das políticas de SSAN no Brasil. Este trabalho justifica-se na necessidade de considerar o papel que o gastrônomo, enquanto profissional do ramo da alimentação, desempenha ou pode desempenhar para a SSAN. Objetivos Específicos: Identificar como docentes, discentes e egressos definem a temática da SSAN; Identificar como os cursos de bacharelado em Gastronomia materializam os pressupostos da SSAN em suas práticas acadêmicas; e Compreender as inter-relações e perspectivas futuras entre a Gastronomia e a Soberania e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional vislumbradas pela comunidade acadêmica dos bacharelados em Gastronomia no Brasil. Método: Foram realizadas entrevistas online em agosto de 2020 na qual os dados foram transcritos integralmente e interpretados com base na análise temática de conteúdo. Enquanto referencial teórico adotamos principalmente algumas perspectivas de Edgar Morin e de Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Resultados: Pode-se perceber que os conhecimentos sobre a SSAN compõem o repertório de saberes da comunidade acadêmica dos bacharelados em Gastronomia no Brasil. Este fato é importante, pois contradiz o paradigma hegemônico da Gastronomia, deslocando o olhar destes profissionais para uma compreensão ampla do sistema alimentar e suas implicações sociais, culturais, biológicas e ambientais. A segunda etapa dos resultados evidenciaram que nesta formação apesar de sua premissa inicial ter correspondo a paradigmas hegemônicos da Gastronomia, atualmente a comunidade acadêmica apresenta anseios por posturas mais inclusivas, nas quais nem sempre sentem-se contemplados com a profundidade abarcada sobre a SSAN em atividades de Ensino, no entanto, as atividades de Extensão mostraram-se pontos essenciais neste diálogo. Também pode-se perceber que as inter-relações entre a Gastronomia e a SSAN apenas podem ser constituídas a partir de uma nova postura que inclui a abrangência desse saber de forma complexa e contextualizada, bem como novas possibilidades de atuação profissional, incluindo atuações técnicas, políticas, educacionais e científicas. Conclusão: Por fim, percebe-se que uma postura inclusiva, e por vezes com caráter contra-hegemônico, é uma premissa para o estabelecimento de inter-relações com a SSAN. Sendo os saberes relativos à cultura e ao sistema alimentar relevantes para o campo de saber gastronômico. Entretanto, também se percebe em alguns discursos que esta nova postura é incipiente.
This master's thesis work is divided into an Expanded Introduction that deals with Gastronomy from two perspectives - a Hegemonic Gastronomy and a Counter-Hegemonic Gastronomy - and a second part that deals with Food and Nutritional Sovereignty and Security (FNSS). It is also composed of three chapters, referring to the articles produced in this thesis. Objective: To investigate in which emphasis knowledge about FNSS is mobilized in the academic practices of students and teachers of the Bachelor of Gastronomy. It will thus permeate the multiple areas of knowledge that make up the field of knowledge of Gastronomy, higher education in Bachelor's Degree courses in Gastronomy and the construction of SSAN policies in Brazil. This work is justified by the need to consider the role that the gastronome, as a professional in the food sector, plays or can play for FNSS. Specific Objectives: Identify how teachers, students and graduates define the theme of FNSS; Identify how bachelor's degree courses in Gastronomy materialize FNSS's assumptions in their academic practices; and Understand the interrelationships and future perspectives between Gastronomy and Sovereignty and Food and Nutritional Security envisioned by the academic community of bachelor's degrees in Gastronomy in Brazil. Method: Online interviews were conducted in August 2020, in which the data were fully transcribed and interpreted based on thematic content analysis. As a theoretical framework, we mainly adopted some perspectives from Edgar Morin and Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Results: It can be seen that knowledge about FNSS makes up the knowledge repertoire of the academic community of bachelor's degrees in Gastronomy in Brazil. This fact is important, as it contradicts the hegemonic paradigm of Gastronomy, shifting the look of these professionals to a broad understanding of the food system and its social, cultural, biological and environmental implications. The second stage of the results showed that in this training, despite its initial premise having corresponded to hegemonic paradigms of Gastronomy, currently the academic community has aspirations for more inclusive postures, in which they do not always feel contemplated with the depth encompassed by FNSS in activities, however, the Extension activities proved to be essential points in this dialogue. It can also be seen that the interrelationships between Gastronomy and FNSS can only be constituted from a new posture that includes the coverage of this knowledge in a complex and contextualized way, as well as new possibilities of professional performance, including technical performances, political, educational and scientific. Conclusion: Finally, it is clear that an inclusive stance, and sometimes with a counter-hegemonic character, is a premise for establishing interrelationships with FNSS. Being the knowledge related to culture and food system relevant to the field of gastronomic knowledge. However, it is also noticed in some speeches that this new posture is incipient.
This master's thesis work is divided into an Expanded Introduction that deals with Gastronomy from two perspectives - a Hegemonic Gastronomy and a Counter-Hegemonic Gastronomy - and a second part that deals with Food and Nutritional Sovereignty and Security (FNSS). It is also composed of three chapters, referring to the articles produced in this thesis. Objective: To investigate in which emphasis knowledge about FNSS is mobilized in the academic practices of students and teachers of the Bachelor of Gastronomy. It will thus permeate the multiple areas of knowledge that make up the field of knowledge of Gastronomy, higher education in Bachelor's Degree courses in Gastronomy and the construction of SSAN policies in Brazil. This work is justified by the need to consider the role that the gastronome, as a professional in the food sector, plays or can play for FNSS. Specific Objectives: Identify how teachers, students and graduates define the theme of FNSS; Identify how bachelor's degree courses in Gastronomy materialize FNSS's assumptions in their academic practices; and Understand the interrelationships and future perspectives between Gastronomy and Sovereignty and Food and Nutritional Security envisioned by the academic community of bachelor's degrees in Gastronomy in Brazil. Method: Online interviews were conducted in August 2020, in which the data were fully transcribed and interpreted based on thematic content analysis. As a theoretical framework, we mainly adopted some perspectives from Edgar Morin and Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Results: It can be seen that knowledge about FNSS makes up the knowledge repertoire of the academic community of bachelor's degrees in Gastronomy in Brazil. This fact is important, as it contradicts the hegemonic paradigm of Gastronomy, shifting the look of these professionals to a broad understanding of the food system and its social, cultural, biological and environmental implications. The second stage of the results showed that in this training, despite its initial premise having corresponded to hegemonic paradigms of Gastronomy, currently the academic community has aspirations for more inclusive postures, in which they do not always feel contemplated with the depth encompassed by FNSS in activities, however, the Extension activities proved to be essential points in this dialogue. It can also be seen that the interrelationships between Gastronomy and FNSS can only be constituted from a new posture that includes the coverage of this knowledge in a complex and contextualized way, as well as new possibilities of professional performance, including technical performances, political, educational and scientific. Conclusion: Finally, it is clear that an inclusive stance, and sometimes with a counter-hegemonic character, is a premise for establishing interrelationships with FNSS. Being the knowledge related to culture and food system relevant to the field of gastronomic knowledge. However, it is also noticed in some speeches that this new posture is incipient.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gastronomia, Soberania Alimentar, Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, Bacharelado em Gastronomia