Adubação orgânica e mineral na produtividade e qualidade físico-química de raízes de mandioca em sistema irrigado e de sequeiro
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Data
2022-03-03
Autores
Alves, Davilla Alessandra Da Silva [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de fertilizantes orgânicos foi introduzido como uma alternativa ecologicamente segura para aumentar a produtividade e melhorar a performance das culturas, substituindo ou complementando a adubação mineral. No entanto, há poucas informações sobre o uso destes produtos na qualidade das culturas, sobretudo as de uso industrial como a mandioca. Nesta linha, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desempenho agronômico e a qualidade industrial da mandioca em resposta a métodos de adubação, conduzida sob irrigação controlada e em sequeiro em duas safras de cultivo. O estudo foi desenvolvido em condições de campo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso sob esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram no plantio da mandioca para indústria sob 5 (cinco) combinações de adubação organomineral (T1 – NPK/ Testemunha, T2 – NPK + Esterco bovino, T3 – NPK + Aminoácidos, T4 – NPK + Ácidos húmicos, T5 – NPK + Aminoácidos + Ácidos húmicos), entre 2 (dois) sistemas de cultivo: irrigado (IR) e sequeiro (SQ), respectivamente. A lâmina diária aplicada foi baseada na estimativa da evapotranspiração da cultura para os tratamentos irrigados. Em sequeiro, a umidade do solo foi avaliada por meio do método gravimétrico. As avaliações englobaram o índice relativo de clorofila nas folhas (índice SPAD), altura, diâmetro das hastes e a diagnose foliar com as culturas no campo. Após a colheita, foi analisado o acúmulo e partição de matéria seca nas hastes, cepas e raízes tuberosas, assim como a extração de nutrientes pelas raízes; o número, comprimento, diâmetro, produtividade total das raízes e os componentes de qualidade físico-químicos: teores de umidade, fibra bruta, cinzas, amido, açúcares redutores, proteínas, acidez e pH. Conclui-se que a adubação integrada de NPK com ácido húmico ou ácido húmico+aminoácidos aumenta o crescimento, a produtividade da mandioca e melhoram a qualidade físico-química das raízes quando combinados com irrigação, e o esterco bovino sob as duas formas de cultivo. A adubação com esterco, ou ácidos húmicos+aminoácidos influencia no teor e partição de matéria seca, e diâmetro das raízes. Teores de magnésio, boro, ferro e zinco são elevados com a irrigação associada a adubação de NPK e aminoácido, e os teores de cálcio e magnésio com o uso do esterco bovino. A irrigação eleva os índices de produtividade de 19.67 a 20.65% em relação ao cultivo sob sequeiro; expande o diâmetro das raízes, mas diminui o teor de fibras, açúcares redutores e acidez. Nenhum dos tratamentos causaram indícios de deterioração das raízes
The use of organic fertilizers was introduced as an ecologically safe alternative to increase productivity and improve crop performance, replacing or complementing mineral fertilization. However, there is little information about the use of these products in the quality of crops, especially those for industrial use such as cassava. In this line, the objective of this work was to compare the agronomic performance and industrial quality of cassava in response to fertilization methods, conducted under controlled irrigation and in rainfed conditions in two cropping cycles. The study was carried out under field conditions. The experimental design was in randomized blocks under a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with five replications. The treatments consisted of planting cassava for industry under 5 (five) combinations of organomineral fertilization (T1 – NPK/Control, T2 – NPK + Bovine manure, T3 – NPK + Amino acids, T4 – NPK + Humic acids, T5 – NPK + Amino acids + Humic acids), between 2 (two) cultivation systems: irrigated (IR) and rainfed (SQ), respectively. The daily depth applied was based on the estimate of crop evapotranspiration for the irrigated treatments. In rainfed, soil moisture was evaluated using the gravimetric method. The evaluations encompassed the relative chlorophyll index in the leaves (SPAD index), height, stem diameter and foliar diagnosis with the crops in the field. After harvesting, the accumulation and partition of dry matter in the stems, strains and tuberous roots, as well as the extraction of nutrients by the roots, were analyzed; the number, length, diameter, total productivity of the roots and the physical-chemical quality components: moisture content, crude fiber, ash, starch, reducing sugars, proteins, acidity and pH. It is concluded that the integrated fertilization of NPK with humic acid or humic acid+amino acids increases the growth, the productivity of cassava and improves the physicochemical quality of the roots when combined with irrigation, and the cattle manure under the two forms of cultivation. Fertilization with manure, or humic acids+amino acids influences the dry matter content and partition, and root diameter. Magnesium, boron, iron and zinc contents are increased with irrigation associated with NPK and amino acid fertilization, and calcium and magnesium contents with the use of cattle manure. Irrigation raises productivity rates from 19.67 to 20.65% in relation to rainfed cultivation; expands the diameter of the roots, but decreases the fiber content, reducing sugars and acidity. None of the treatments caused evidence of root deterioration.
The use of organic fertilizers was introduced as an ecologically safe alternative to increase productivity and improve crop performance, replacing or complementing mineral fertilization. However, there is little information about the use of these products in the quality of crops, especially those for industrial use such as cassava. In this line, the objective of this work was to compare the agronomic performance and industrial quality of cassava in response to fertilization methods, conducted under controlled irrigation and in rainfed conditions in two cropping cycles. The study was carried out under field conditions. The experimental design was in randomized blocks under a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with five replications. The treatments consisted of planting cassava for industry under 5 (five) combinations of organomineral fertilization (T1 – NPK/Control, T2 – NPK + Bovine manure, T3 – NPK + Amino acids, T4 – NPK + Humic acids, T5 – NPK + Amino acids + Humic acids), between 2 (two) cultivation systems: irrigated (IR) and rainfed (SQ), respectively. The daily depth applied was based on the estimate of crop evapotranspiration for the irrigated treatments. In rainfed, soil moisture was evaluated using the gravimetric method. The evaluations encompassed the relative chlorophyll index in the leaves (SPAD index), height, stem diameter and foliar diagnosis with the crops in the field. After harvesting, the accumulation and partition of dry matter in the stems, strains and tuberous roots, as well as the extraction of nutrients by the roots, were analyzed; the number, length, diameter, total productivity of the roots and the physical-chemical quality components: moisture content, crude fiber, ash, starch, reducing sugars, proteins, acidity and pH. It is concluded that the integrated fertilization of NPK with humic acid or humic acid+amino acids increases the growth, the productivity of cassava and improves the physicochemical quality of the roots when combined with irrigation, and the cattle manure under the two forms of cultivation. Fertilization with manure, or humic acids+amino acids influences the dry matter content and partition, and root diameter. Magnesium, boron, iron and zinc contents are increased with irrigation associated with NPK and amino acid fertilization, and calcium and magnesium contents with the use of cattle manure. Irrigation raises productivity rates from 19.67 to 20.65% in relation to rainfed cultivation; expands the diameter of the roots, but decreases the fiber content, reducing sugars and acidity. None of the treatments caused evidence of root deterioration.
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Palavras-chave
Adubação orgânica, Aminoácidos, Ácidos húmicos, Irrigação, Produtividade, Organic fertilization, Amino acids, Humic acids, Irrigation, Productivity