A severidade da cárie na primeira infância aumenta atividade da SOD sensível ao KCN, reduz proteínas carboniladas e aumenta a biodisponibilidade do óxido nítrico na saliva
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Data
2022-03-31
Autores
Lisboa, Ana Carolina Gomes [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a progressão da severidade das lesões de cárie alteraria as atividades das isoformas da superóxido dismutase (SOD), sensível ou não ao cianeto de potássio (KCN), a carbonilação de proteínas e a biodisponibilidade do óxido nítrico (NO) salivar. Amostras de saliva, não estimulada, foram coletadas de crianças (1 a 3 anos) em uma creche municipal de Birigui, SP, Brasil. As crianças foram divididas em 4 grupos (n=30/grupo) de acordo com os critérios do ICCMSTM, sendo o grupo A (livres de cárie), grupo B (cárie inicial), grupo C (cárie moderada) e grupo D (cárie extensa). A atividade enzimática da SOD sensível ao KCN e da SOD insensível ao KCN (SOD sens KCN e SOD ins KCN, respectivamente) foram determinadas pelo método de oxidação do pirogalol. O método da carbonilação da proteína foi utilizado para determinar o dano oxidativo (DO), baseado no método alcalino de DNPH (2,4-Dinitrofenilhidrazina). A biodisponibilidade de NO salivar foi quantificada pelo método de Griess. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de ANOVA e pós-teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (α = 0,05), e pela correlação de Pearson e Spearman. Os resultados demostraram que a progressão das lesões de cárie aumentou a atividade da SOD sens KCN, mas não alterou a atividade da SOD ins KCN, reduziu a carbonilação de proteína, e aumentou a biodisponibilidade do NO salivar. Em conclusão, os dados deste estudo mostraram que a progressão da cárie aumenta a atividade da SOD sens KCN que, possivelmente, reduz o dano oxidativo e favorece a biodisponibilidade de NO salivar. Embora exista um aumento da defesa antioxidante enzimática e da biodisponibilidade de NO, a progressão da cárie nestas condições se daria quando os fatores extrínsecos estiverem prevalecendo aos fatores de defesa antioxidante da saliva e ação antibacteriana do NO. Com isso, podemos reforçar a importância do acompanhamento odontológico preventivo da cárie desde a primeira infância para que sejam reduzidos os fatores de risco da cárie e prevaleça a defesa antioxidante salivar e ação antibacteriana do NO.
The aim of this study was to assess whether caries progression alters the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms, protein carbonylation (a biomarker of oxidative damage) and the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) in children's saliva. Saliva samples, not stimulated, were collected from children (1 to 3 years old) in a municipal day care center in Birigui, SP, Brazil. The children were divided into 4 groups (n=30/group), according to the ICCMSTM criteria, being group A (caries free), group B (initial caries), group C (moderate caries) and group D (extensive caries). The enzymatic activity of potassium cyanide (KCN)- sensitive superoxide dismutase (SOD) and KCN-insensitive SOD (SOD sens KCN and SOD ins KCN, respectively) were determined by the pyrogallol oxidation method. The protein carbonylation method based on the alkaline method of DNPH (2,4- Dinitrophenylhydrazine) was used to determine oxidative damage (OD). Salivary nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was quantified by the Griess method. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls post-test (α = 0.05), and by Pearson and Spearman correlation. The results showed that with the progression of caries, there was an increase in SOD sens KCN activity, with no change in SOD ins KCN activity, a reduction in protein carbonylation, and an increase in salivary NO bioavailability. We can conclude that the greater the severity of caries, the greater the activity of SOD sens KCN, which leads to less oxidative damage and greater bioavailability of NO. However, it is possible that in the stages of greater caries severity, the antibacterial action of NO is superimposed by external cariogenic factors, favoring the process of demineralization and enamel and dentin damage. Thereby, we understand that the clinical dental care of children in early childhood is a key factor for controlling cariogenic factors and keeping in balance with the antioxidant defense and antibacterial action of NO in saliva.
The aim of this study was to assess whether caries progression alters the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms, protein carbonylation (a biomarker of oxidative damage) and the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) in children's saliva. Saliva samples, not stimulated, were collected from children (1 to 3 years old) in a municipal day care center in Birigui, SP, Brazil. The children were divided into 4 groups (n=30/group), according to the ICCMSTM criteria, being group A (caries free), group B (initial caries), group C (moderate caries) and group D (extensive caries). The enzymatic activity of potassium cyanide (KCN)- sensitive superoxide dismutase (SOD) and KCN-insensitive SOD (SOD sens KCN and SOD ins KCN, respectively) were determined by the pyrogallol oxidation method. The protein carbonylation method based on the alkaline method of DNPH (2,4- Dinitrophenylhydrazine) was used to determine oxidative damage (OD). Salivary nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was quantified by the Griess method. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls post-test (α = 0.05), and by Pearson and Spearman correlation. The results showed that with the progression of caries, there was an increase in SOD sens KCN activity, with no change in SOD ins KCN activity, a reduction in protein carbonylation, and an increase in salivary NO bioavailability. We can conclude that the greater the severity of caries, the greater the activity of SOD sens KCN, which leads to less oxidative damage and greater bioavailability of NO. However, it is possible that in the stages of greater caries severity, the antibacterial action of NO is superimposed by external cariogenic factors, favoring the process of demineralization and enamel and dentin damage. Thereby, we understand that the clinical dental care of children in early childhood is a key factor for controlling cariogenic factors and keeping in balance with the antioxidant defense and antibacterial action of NO in saliva.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saliva, Cárie dentária, Superóxido dismutase, Carbonilação proteica, Óxido nítrico, Dental caries