Análise da viabilidade técnica e ambiental da utilização do material fresado nas camadas de sub-base de pavimentos asfálticos
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Data
2020-11-20
Autores
Alencar, Marcus Vinicius Moura
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A infraestrutura de transportes é essencial para o desenvolvimento econômico de um país.
Contudo, o desenvolvimento também é responsável por gerar impactos ambientais, que em
sua maioria afeta o meio ambiente como um todo. Tendo em vista esse contexto, os métodos
construtivos que visão a sustentabilidade se tornam uma solução para a atual situação do
desenvolvimento das infraestruturas. A análise do ciclo de vida – LCA (Life Cycle Analysis),
juntamente com a análise mecanicista do pavimento são ferramentas que possibilitam
quantificar e analisar os impactos gerados e a qualidade de uma determinada obra rodoviária.
Neste trabalho é estudado a utilização do material fresado nas camadas de sub-base dos
pavimentos, qualificando o material produzido pela Concessionária Nova Dutra nos termos
técnicos e ambientais. Duas situações foram comparadas ao longo do trabalho, a primeira
consiste em uma estrutura semirrígida invertida, que utiliza apenas materiais virgens em sua
construção, apresentando um adicional de 2% e 3% de cimento à mistura de BGTC (Brita
Graduada Tratada com Cimento), e a segunda situação na qual é utilizada uma mistura
asfáltica com teor de RAP (Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement) em sua construção igual a 63%, e
com os mesmos adicionais de 2% e 3% de cimento a essa mistura. Após a comparação dos
dados obtidos, foi possível averiguar de maneira geral, sob as diretrizes estabelecidas, qual
estrutura levaria à uma maior pegada ambiental. Os ensaios laboratoriais realizados com o
material fresado mostraram que o uso desse material não é recomendado pelo DER/SP
(Departamento de Estradas de Rodagem) para o tipo de rodovia estudada, estando abaixo dos
valores mínimos recomendados. As análises do ciclo de vida dos pavimentos que possuem um
teor de 63% de RAP se mostraram ecologicamente mais viáveis, em todos os critérios de
impactos estudados. Apesar da restrição do uso do material fresado em pavimentos com
grande volume de tráfego, a junção das análises técnicas e ambientais mostraram que em
pavimentos de menor tráfego ou mesmo em faixa de menores serviços da rodovia, o uso desse
material pode ser uma alternativa para a diminuição da pegada ambiental gerada pelas obras
rodoviárias
Transport infrastructure is essential for a country’s economic development. However, development is also responsible for generating environmental impacts, which mostly affect the environment as a whole. In view of this context, the constructive methods that view sustainability become a solution for the current situation of infrastructure development. The Life Cycle Analysis – LCA, together with the mechanistic analysis of the pavement are tools that make it possible to quantify and analyze the impacts generated and the quality of a given road work. In this work, the use of the milled material in the subbase layers of the paviment is studied, qualifying the material produced by Nova Dutra Concessionaire in technical and environmental terms. Two situations were compared throughout the work, the first one consists of na inverted semi-rigid structure, which uses only virgin materials in its constrution, presenting na additional 2% and 3% cement to the mixture of Graduated Grain Treated with Cement (BGTC), and the second situation in which na aspahlt mixture with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) content is used in its construction equal to 63%, and with the same additional 2% and 3% cement to this mixture. After comparing the data obtained, it was possible to ascertain in general, under the established guidelines, which structure would lead to a greater environmental footprint. The laboratory tests carried out with the milled material showed that the use of this material is not recommended by Department of Highways of São Paulo (DER/SP) for the type of highway studied, being below the recommended minimum values. The Life Cycle Analyzes of pavements that have a 63% RAP content proved to be ecologically more viable, in all the impact criteria studied. Despite the restriction of the use of milled material on pavements with a high volume of traffic, the combination of tecnical and environmental analyzes showed that on pavements with less traffic or even in a range of lower highway services, the use of this material can be an alternative for reduction of the environmental footprint generated by road works.
Transport infrastructure is essential for a country’s economic development. However, development is also responsible for generating environmental impacts, which mostly affect the environment as a whole. In view of this context, the constructive methods that view sustainability become a solution for the current situation of infrastructure development. The Life Cycle Analysis – LCA, together with the mechanistic analysis of the pavement are tools that make it possible to quantify and analyze the impacts generated and the quality of a given road work. In this work, the use of the milled material in the subbase layers of the paviment is studied, qualifying the material produced by Nova Dutra Concessionaire in technical and environmental terms. Two situations were compared throughout the work, the first one consists of na inverted semi-rigid structure, which uses only virgin materials in its constrution, presenting na additional 2% and 3% cement to the mixture of Graduated Grain Treated with Cement (BGTC), and the second situation in which na aspahlt mixture with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) content is used in its construction equal to 63%, and with the same additional 2% and 3% cement to this mixture. After comparing the data obtained, it was possible to ascertain in general, under the established guidelines, which structure would lead to a greater environmental footprint. The laboratory tests carried out with the milled material showed that the use of this material is not recommended by Department of Highways of São Paulo (DER/SP) for the type of highway studied, being below the recommended minimum values. The Life Cycle Analyzes of pavements that have a 63% RAP content proved to be ecologically more viable, in all the impact criteria studied. Despite the restriction of the use of milled material on pavements with a high volume of traffic, the combination of tecnical and environmental analyzes showed that on pavements with less traffic or even in a range of lower highway services, the use of this material can be an alternative for reduction of the environmental footprint generated by road works.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Análise do ciclo de vida, Pavimentos, Material fresado, Impactos ambientais, Viabilidade técnica, Revestimento asfáltico reutilizável, Life cycle analysis, Pavement, Milled material, Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Environmental impacts, Technical viability